投稿時間:2022-11-20 00:09:37 RSSフィード2022-11-20 00:00 分まとめ(9件)

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海外TECH	DEV Community	How to Create Dynamic Forms in React CRUD app with Ant Design	https://dev.to/refine/how-to-create-dynamic-forms-in-react-crud-app-with-ant-design-3imk	How to Create Dynamic Forms in React CRUD app with Ant DesignAuthor David Omotayo IntroductionForms are one of the most adaptable elements in web development They come in distinct structures for various use cases However due to the sporadic complexity of the information they collect they tend to grow larger with several fields which can be a big turnoff for most users To solve this user experience issue developers devised a dynamic form a simple yet complex form that can grow in size on command This guide will teach us how to create a dynamic form using Ant design and refine s React template Steps we ll cover What is a dynamic form What is refine Project setupBuilding the List pageCreating a formAdding form itemsAdding form listUsing form actionsAdding iconsValidationBuilding the edit pagePrerequisiteTo follow along with this tutorial you need to have a good understanding of Typescript and the following The latest version of Node js installed on your machine Fundamental knowledge of React and refine Basic understanding of Ant design What is a dynamic form Dynamic forms are complex forms that change their layout according to the data they receive from users In simpler terms dynamic forms allow users to add or remove input fields according to their needs For example say you want to create a form that lets users provide optional extended information about themselves but you don t want to greet every user with a behemoth form You can create a dynamic form that allows users to add or remove input fields according to their needs For context here s an example of the final CRUD app product of the dynamic form we ll be building in this tutorial Ant design provides several components that let us build dynamic forms easily and rapidly We ll learn more about these components later in this article What is refine refine is a headless React based framework for rapidly building CRUD applications like admin panels dashboards and internal tools The framework uses a collection of helper hooks components and data providers that give you complete control over your application s user interface There are a lot of benefits to using refine in your applications to name a few refine is UI agnostic by default its headless design lets it integrate seamlessly with different UI frameworks and custom designs it has an easy learning curve refine is also backend agnostic by default it has support for every backend technology Authentication state management data fetching and routing come out of the box refine is open source so you don t have to worry about constraints One of refine s core features is its out of the box integration with UI frameworks such as MUI and Ant design We ll look at how to use the latter in this guide Project setupBefore we go any further let s set up a refine sample CRUD app project and install the required packages using superplate Superplate is a CLI tool for quickly bootstrapping a refine project The tool provides the option of setting up a headless refine project or a project paired with third party UI libraries such as Ant design and Material UI We ll be using the latter for this tutorial As a first step run the following command on your command line tool npx superplate cli p refine react dynamic formThe command will prompt you to choose your preferences for the project Select the following options to proceed Once the installation is complete run the commands below to cd into the project folder and start the development server cd dynamic formnpm run devAfter running the command the development server will automatically preview our app in the default browser If it doesn t open the browser manually and navigate to http localhost To finish setting up we ll create a PostCreate PostList and PostEdit pages and pass them as values to the create list and edit properties of the resources prop in the lt Refine gt component which you can find inside the App tsx file We ll use the PostList page to display a list of data from a fake API endpoint to which we ll also post the submitted data from our form The PostCreate page is where we ll create our dynamic form for posting new records to the API The PostEdit page will house a copy of the dynamic form for editing and updating records To begin with create a pages folder inside the src folder and add a PostCreate tsx PostList tsx and PostEdit tsx files as shown below To prevent Typescript from throwing an error you can add a placeholder code in each file like so src pages PostCreate tsximport React from react function PostCreate Props any return lt div gt PostCreate lt div gt export default PostCreate Next open the App tsx file and import all three files at the top of the component src App tsximport PostCreate from pages PostCreate import PostList from pages PostList import PostEdit from pages PostEdit Then create a resources prop on the lt Refine gt component and add the pages imports as the create list and edit property s values respectively src App tsximport Refine from pankod refine core import notificationProvider Layout ReadyPage ErrorComponent from pankod refine antd import pankod refine antd dist styles min css import routerProvider from pankod refine react router v import dataProvider from pankod refine simple rest import PostCreate from pages PostCreate import PostList from pages PostList import PostEdit from pages PostEdit function App return lt Refine notificationProvider notificationProvider Layout Layout ReadyPage ReadyPage catchAll lt ErrorComponent gt routerProvider routerProvider dataProvider dataProvider resources name users list PostList create PostCreate edit PostEdit gt export default App Notice that we re passing a URL to the dataProvider prop This is our fake API URL refine will fetch and post data records from and to the API using this URL The name prop in the lt Refine gt component is what we re using to specify which endpoint we want to work with in the API In our case we re working with the users endpoint This is all refine needs to handle our app s fetch and post functionalities Next we ll set up the list page and create a table that we ll use to display a list of the data we get from the API Building the List pageTo create our list we will use Ant design s lt Table gt component to render the data from our API row by row as a table The lt Table gt component will simplify our workflow and fortunately for us it integrates well with refine Functionalities such as pagination and routing are implemented out of the box Moving on navigate to the PostList tsx file and add the following code src pages PostList tsximport React from react import List Table useTable Space EditButton from pankod refine antd interface IFormValue name string email string skills string id number export default function PostList const tableProps useTable lt IFormValue gt return lt List gt lt Table tableProps rowKey id gt lt Table Column dataIndex firstName title First Name gt lt Table Column dataIndex email title Email gt lt Table Column dataIndex skills title Skills gt lt Table gt lt List gt useTable in the code above is a refine hook that fetches data from an API and wraps it with various helper hooks that make it compatible with Ant s lt Table gt component In the code above we re using the useTable hook to fetch data from our endpoint and pass its value to the Table component via the tableprops property Then we set unique keys for each record from the API using the rowkey prop Note refine handles every fetch request under the hood The useTable hook is one of many hooks it uses to distribute API responses and manage functionalities across its components The lt Table column gt component is a sub component of the lt Table gt component it is used for formatting each field shown in the table For example suppose we want to render two more rows for a categories and date property We d have to add two more lt Table column gt components within the lt Table gt with a title prop value of categories and date like so lt Table Column dataIndex categories title Categories gt lt Table Column dataIndex date title Date gt On the other hand the dataIndex property is used to map the component to a matching key from the API response It tells a lt Table column gt component what property from the response object to display on its row That s it for the list page save your progress and go back to the browser You should see a nicely rendered table with pagination and routing implemented automatically As you can see the create button routes us to the Create page when clicked Right now it just renders the placeholder text we set earlier Next we will set up our dynamic form inside the PostCreate page Creating a formAnt design also provides a form component that ships with various functionalities such as data collection styling and data scope management out of the box The component streamlines the process of quickly building a form in React To create the form first navigate to the PostCreate tsx file and import the Create Form Button Input Icons Space and useForm components and hook from pankod refine antd src pages PostCreate tsximport Create Button Form Input Space Icons useForm from pankod refine antd These are all the UI components and hooks we ll use for the entirety of the PostCreate page setup Next add the following code to the component to render the form src pages PostCreate tsximport React from react import Create Button Form Input Space Icons useForm from pankod refine antd interface IFormValue name string email string skills string export default function PostCreate Props any const formProps saveButtonProps useForm lt IFormValue gt return lt Create saveButtonProps saveButtonProps gt lt Form size large formProps gt lt Input placeholder e g John gt lt Input placeholder e g john email com gt lt Form gt lt Create gt useForm is a refine hook for handling form data It offers adapters that let refine integrate with Ant design s lt Form gt component In the code above we destructured the formProps and saveButtonProps properties from the useForm hook then we passed them to the lt Create gt and lt Form gt components respectively The formProps property contains all the necessary properties for the form to handle the Post request for its data automatically The saveButtonProps property handles the submission functionality of the form via the save button If you save your progress at this point and go back to the browser you ll notice that our form still lacks the basic functionalities of a form and looks desolate Adding form itemsThe lt Form item gt component is a sub component of the lt Form gt component It accepts several props for configuring and adding basic or custom validation to input fields Here s a list of some of its props name This is for setting a unique name for an input field label This prop is for assigning a label to input fields rules This prop is for setting custom validation rules on an input fieldSince it is a sub component of the lt Form gt component we don t have to import any other components to use it All we have to do is wrap it around our form s input fields like so src pages PostCreate tsx lt Create saveButtonProps saveButtonProps gt lt Form formProps layout vertical size large gt lt Form Item name firstName label First Name style maxWidth px gt lt Input placeholder e g John gt lt Form Item gt lt Form Item name email label Email style maxWidth px gt lt Input placeholder e g developer gt lt Form Item gt lt Form gt lt Create gt Here we re using the name and label props to assign each input field a unique name and a label element respectively We also gave the lt Form gt component a layout prop with a vertical value This will let the labels display on a block layout rather than the default inline layout We can also add a basic validation to both fields by passing an array of objects with a required property to the rules prop on the form item component src pages PostCreate tsx lt Form Item name firstName label First Name style maxWidth px highlight next line rules required true gt lt Input placeholder e g John gt lt Form Item gt In the subsequent sections we ll learn how to add a more complex validation to our form For now this will do Is your CRUD app overloaded with technical debt Meet the headless React based solution to build sleek CRUD applications With refine you can be confident that your codebase will always stay clean and future proof Try refine to rapidly build your next CRUD project whether it s an admin panel dashboard internal tool or storefront Adding form listMuch like the lt Form item gt component Ant design also provides a lt Form list gt sub component that lets us create dynamic fields that can be added and removed on command The component accepts a child function with three parameters fields The fields parameter is used to create a list of dynamic fields operations The operations parameter is an object with two action functions for adding and removing fields on the list errors This parameter does what its name implies it is used to handle errors for validation To add a list to the form first declare the lt Form list gt component and add the following code within it src pages PostCreate tsx lt Form List name skills gt fields operator gt return lt gt fields map field index gt return lt div key field key gt lt Form Item name field name label skill index rules required true gt lt Input placeholder e g javascript gt lt Form Item gt lt div gt lt Form Item gt lt Button type dashed block gt Add a skill lt Button gt lt Form Item gt lt gt lt Form List gt In the code above we declared a function and a Add a skill button within the lt Form list gt component We passed the fields and operator parameters to the function and then we returned an iteration of the fields parameter using a map method Inside the map callback function we re returning a lt Form item gt and a nested lt Input gt component for every dynamic field That s all we need for the dynamic fields However if you save your progress and go back to the browser you won t be able to add the dynamic fields with the Add a skill button just yet This is because we re yet to add actions that ll let us add and remove fields on the form We will be doing this using the operator parameter in the next section Using form actionsThe operator parameter exposes two function properties add and remove that let us add and delete dynamic fields in a form They are relatively straightforward to implement all we have to do is call them in a button s event handler In our case the Add a skill button What we can do first is destructure the add and remove functions from the operator parameter and add an onClick handler with the add function passed in to the Add a skill button src pages PostCreate tsx lt Form List name skills gt fields add remove gt return lt gt fields map field index gt return lt div key field key gt lt Form Item name field name label skill index style width px gt lt Input placeholder e g javascript gt lt Form Item gt lt div gt lt Form Item gt lt Button type dashed block onClick gt add style maxWidth px gt Add a skill lt Button gt lt Form Item gt lt gt lt Form List gt Now the Add a skill button is functional If you save your progress and test it out you should be able to add dynamic fields to the form Next we ll create a button for deleting unwanted fields using the remove action To do so create a button below the lt Form item gt component inside the map callback function then add an onClick handler with the remove function just as we did for the add function in the previous example src pages PostCreate tsx lt Create saveButtonProps saveButtonProps gt lt Form formprops layout vertical size large gt lt Form Item name firstName label First Name style maxWidth px gt lt Input placeholder e g John gt lt Form Item gt lt Form Item name email label Email style maxWidth px gt lt Input placeholder e g john email com gt lt Form Item gt lt Form List name skills gt fields add remove gt return lt gt fields map field index gt return lt div key field key gt lt Form Item name field name label skill index style width px gt lt Input placeholder e g javascript gt lt Form Item gt lt Button danger onClick gt remove field name gt delete lt Button gt lt div gt lt Form Item gt lt Button type dashed block style maxWidth px onClick gt add gt Add a skill lt Button gt lt Form Item gt lt gt lt Form List gt lt Form gt lt Create gt Unlike the former we re passing the field name as an argument to the remove function Since each name is unique to its respective component the function will only delete the field whose button is clicked As you can see our form is not aesthetically appealing Next we ll look at how we can replace the delete button with an icon and place it alongside the input box Adding iconsAnt design is a full fledged UI library providing a collection of free icons that we can use to build interactive user interfaces Unlike most design libraries Ant design provides its icons separately from the base package so to use it we ll have to install it separately Fortunately for us refine comes bundled with both the base package and the icon package of Ant design so we don t have to waste any more time installing the package All we have to do is append an icon name to the lt Icons gt component we imported earlier and pass it to the icon prop on the delete lt Button gt component like so src pages PostCreate tsx lt div key field key gt lt Form Item name field name label skill index style width px gt lt Input placeholder e g javascript gt lt Form Item gt lt Button danger onClick gt remove field name style position absolute top px icon lt Icons DeleteOutlined gt gt lt div gt You can find the list of icon names on Ant design s official documentation To place the icon on the same line with the Input field replace the div wrapping the lt Form item gt with a lt Space gt component and give it a direction prop with a horizontal value src pages PostCreate tsx lt Space key field key direction horizontal style position relative gt lt Form Item name field name label skill index style width px gt lt Input placeholder e g javascript gt lt Form Item gt lt Button danger onClick gt remove field name style position absolute top px icon lt Icons DeleteOutlined gt gt lt Space gt Using the same process we can also add icons to the Add a skill button src pages PostCreate tsx lt Button block onClick gt add icon lt Icons PlusOutlined gt gt Add a skill lt Button gt That s it We ve successfully built a dynamic form that lets users add and delete fields on demand To finish up we ll add custom validation to our fields and look at how we can handle submission on our form ValidationWe ve seen how Ant handles basic validation on input fields using the Form item s rule prop In this section we ll use the property to add custom validations to the fields in our form The rule prop accepts an array of config objects that returns a promise Each object accepts a property that specifies how the fields should validate its data and a message property that accepts a string of messages to be displayed when there s an error Some of these properties include required This property is for initialising validation on an input field min This property is for setting the minimum characters allowed on a field max This is for setting the maximum characters allowed on a field whitespace This property is for preventing whitespace on a field It is mostly used on a password input field message This property is for displaying error messages We added the required property to the rule props in the previous sections Now we ll add other properties accompanied by the message property for displaying personalized error messages src pages PostCreate tsx lt Create saveButtonProps saveButtonProps gt lt Form formprops layout vertical size large gt lt Form Item name firstName label First Name style maxWidth px rules required true message please enter your first name whitespace true min message field must be at least characters gt lt Input placeholder e g John gt lt Form Item gt lt Form Item name email label Email style maxWidth px rules required true message please enter your email e g john email com whitespace true min message field must be at least characters gt lt Input placeholder e g john email com gt lt Form Item gt lt Form List name skills gt fields add remove gt return lt gt fields map field index gt return lt Space key field key direction horizontal style display flex position relative gt lt Form Item name field name label skill index style width px rules required true message please enter a skill whitespace true min message field must be at least characters gt lt Input placeholder e g javascript gt lt Form Item gt lt Button danger onClick gt remove field name style position absolute top px icon lt Icons DeleteOutlined gt gt lt Button gt lt Space gt lt Form Item gt lt Button icon lt Icons PlusOutlined gt type dashed block style maxWidth px onClick gt add gt Add a skill lt Button gt lt Form Item gt lt gt lt Form List gt lt Form gt lt Create gt To spice things up we can add feedback icons that display according to the state of the input fields a red crossed circle when there s an error and a green checkmark when there s none All we need to do is add a hasFeedback prop to each lt Form item gt like so src pages PostCreate tsx lt Form Item name first Name label Full Name style maxWidth px rules required true message please enter your name whitespace true min message field must be at least characters hasFeedback gt lt Input placeholder e g John gt lt Form Item gt There you have it an adequately validated dynamic form without the help of an external schema library Now our form is ready to validate input values and perform POST requests to our fake API endpoint What s left for us now is setting up the edit page to update fetched records from the API Building the edit pageAs you might have noticed earlier refine didn t automatically add an edit button to the table on the List page So before we set up the edit page we must first add an edit button that will route users to the edit page when clicked To do this go back to the lt PostList gt file import the lt EditButton gt component and add a new lt Table Column gt component with the following props src pages PostList tsximport React from react import List Table useTable Space EditButton from pankod refine antd interface IFormValue name string email string skills string id number export default function PostList const tableProps useTable lt IFormValue gt return lt List gt lt Table tableProps rowKey id gt lt Table Column dataIndex firstName title First Name gt lt Table Column dataIndex email title Email gt lt Table Column dataIndex skills title Skills gt lt Table Column lt IFormValue gt title Actions dataIndex actions render text record React ReactNode gt return lt Space gt lt EditButton size small recordItemId record id hideText gt lt Space gt gt lt Table gt lt List gt The lt EditButton gt component uses Ant s Button component and refine s useNavigation hook under the hood It displays an edit icon with the functionality of redirecting users to the edit page of a record whose id is passed to the recordItemId prop of the component when clicked on Refer to the lt EditButton gt documentation to learn more about the component In the example above we re using the render prop to choose the appropriate record on the table and passing its id to the recordItemId prop on the lt EditButton gt component This way the button will only redirect us to the edit page of the record being clicked on Next navigate back to the PostEdit file and replace the placeholder with the following code src pages PostEdit tsximport React from react import useForm Form Input Edit Icons Button Space from pankod refine antd interface IFormValue name string email string skills string export default function PostEdit Props any const formProps saveButtonProps useForm lt IFormValue gt return lt Edit saveButtonProps saveButtonProps gt lt Form formProps size large layout vertical gt lt Form Item name firstName label First Name style maxWidth px rules required true message please enter your first name whitespace true min message field must be at least characters hasFeedback gt lt Input placeholder e g John gt lt Form Item gt lt Form Item name email label Email style maxWidth px rules required true message please enter your email e g john email com whitespace true min message field must be at least characters hasFeedback gt lt Input placeholder e g john email com gt lt Form Item gt lt Form List name skills gt fields add remove gt return lt gt fields map field index gt return lt Space key field key direction horizontal style display flex position relative gt lt Form Item name field name label skill index style width px rules required true message please enter a skill whitespace true min message field must be at least characters hasFeedback gt lt Input placeholder e g javascript gt lt Form Item gt lt Button danger onClick gt remove field name style position absolute top px icon lt Icons DeleteOutlined gt gt lt Button gt lt Space gt lt Form Item gt lt Button icon lt Icons PlusOutlined gt type dashed block style maxWidth px onClick gt add gt Add a skill lt Button gt lt Form Item gt lt gt lt Form List gt lt Form gt lt Edit gt This is a duplicate of the form component we created inside the PostCreate page earlier with the exception of the lt Edit gt component we re using to wrap the form instead of the former lt Create gt component lt Edit gt is a refine component for wrapping form components that are meant for editing and updating data responses The lt Edit gt component provides actions such as save delete and refresh buttons that can be used in a form That s it We ve successfully built an application that uses an API to post and edit response records using a dynamic form As a challenge visit refine s documentation to learn how you can add a delete button to the fields on the table and make your application a full fledged CRUD application Cheers ConclusionIn this article we introduced refine and looked at how to set up a refine complete CRUD app project with a third party UI library in this case the Ant design library Then we looked at how to create a List Edit and Create page for handling CRUD functionalities in our app We also looked at creating a dynamic form that renders and deletes fields on demand validates input values and handles submission using Ant s Form component and its sub components Live StackBlitz Example	2022-11-19 14:32:18
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