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海外TECH	MakeUseOf	Tips and Tricks for 3D Printing Concrete Molds	https://www.makeuseof.com/3d-printing-concrete-molds-tips-tricks/	objects	2022-12-25 15:31:15
海外TECH	MakeUseOf	4 Ways to Remove a Saved Wi-Fi Network From Windows 11	https://www.makeuseof.com/windows-11-removed-saved-wifi/	windows	2022-12-25 15:15:15
海外TECH	DEV Community	How to Solve an Algorithm Problem? | With Examples	https://dev.to/aradwan20/how-to-solve-an-algorithm-problem-with-examples-3b34	How to Solve an Algorithm Problem With ExamplesIf you re stuck on an algorithm problem and not sure how to proceed this blog post is for you We ll go over some general tips on solving algorithm problems as well as a specific example of an algorithm Table of content Introduction What are the steps of algorithmic problem solving Example Example Conclusion and ReferencesIntroductionWhat is an Algorithm What is an algorithm Put simply an algorithm is a step by step procedure for solving a problem Algorithms can be written in any programming language but they all share some common characteristics First and foremost algorithms are sequence tasks That means that the steps in the algorithm must be done in order and each step depends on the results of the previous steps Secondly algorithms are deterministic given the same input data exactly the same program will produce the same output every time Finally there are some measures for an algorithm to be efficient Time and space those two measures determine how efficient your algorithm is How to Solve an Algorithm Problem We ll walk through some steps for solving a particular algorithm First it s important to know the basics of algorithms every problem can be broken down into a sequence of steps that can be solved This is known as the analysis of algorithms Sketch out the basic structure of your algorithm on paper first or a board to avoid confusion write some thoughts about which does what If a problem involves mathematical operations conceptualizing it in terms of equations may be helpful Break down the equation into its component parts and see if any of those particular pieces can be simplified or eliminated altogether If so that will lead to a solution for the whole equation Another strategy is to try reversing what initially seems like an impossible task Algorithms problems often have stages were doing something one way results in an error message or produces no useful output at all Reverse engineer those steps and see if anything productive comes out What are the steps of algorithmic problem solving and Example Now that you know what an algorithm is let s jump into some examples and take a look at how these techniques can be put into practice In the following we will use the problem challenge from leetcode number Understand the problemThe goal of any algorithm is to solve a problem  When solving an algorithm problem it is important to understand the problem and the steps involved in solving it This understanding will allow you to correctly follow the instructions and complete the task Answer the common questions to be sure that you really understand the problem Questions like what it does and what kind of input I m expecting what kind of output I should receive Are there some exceptions I should be aware of etc The goal of this challenge is to write a function that takes in a string and returns the index of the first letter in the string that does not repeat For example if the string is nerd the function should return because the first letter n is the first non repeating letter in the string If the string is abcdefg the function should return because the first letter a is the first non repeating letter in the string If the string does not contain any non repeating letters the function should return For example if the input string is abcabc the function should return because no letter in the string is unique or non repeating Break the problem downWhen solving algorithms problems breaking them down into smaller parts is usually the best way to go Once you understand how each part works and interacts with the others you can solve the problem more quickly To solve this challenge we need to do the following Iterate over the letters in the input string and for each letter keep track of how many times it appears in the string We can do this using an object dictionary or map where the keys are the letters in the string and the values are the counts for each letter Once we have counted the occurrences of each letter in the string we need to find the index of the first letter that has a count of i e the first non repeating letter To do this we can iterate over the letters in the string again and for each letter check if its count in the object dictionary is If it is we return the index of the letter If we reach the end of the loop without finding any value that has only or non repeating letters we return to indicate that no non repeating letters were found Find your solutionWe found one solution and the key steps in this solution are to keep track of the counts of each letter in the input string and then to search for the first letter with a count of  If the count of this letter is meaning that this letter only shows one time in the string These steps can be implemented in a variety of ways depending on the language and tools you are using to solve the challenge We will be demonstrating the solution with two programming languages JavaScript and Python The source code in JavaScript function firstNonRepeatingChar s Store the counts of each character in a dictionary const counts for const c of s if c in counts counts c else counts c Find the index of the first character with a count of for let i i lt s length i const char s i if counts char return i If no such character was found return return Here are some examples of how this function can be used console log firstNonRepeatingChar nerdlevel Returns because the first character n is the first non repeating character in the stringconsole log firstNonRepeatingChar abcdefg Returns because the first character a is the first non repeating character in the stringconsole log firstNonRepeatingChar abcabc Returns because no character in the string is non repeatingThe source code in Python def first non repeating char s str gt int Store the counts of each character in a dictionary counts for c in s if c in counts counts c else counts c Find the index of the first character with a count of for i c in enumerate s if counts c return i If no such character was found return return Here are some examples of how this function can be used print first non repeating char nerdlevel Returns because the first character n is the first non repeating character in the stringprint first non repeating char abcdefg Returns because the first character a is the first non repeating character in the stringprint first non repeating char abcabc Returns because no character in the string is non repeatingprint first non repeating char Level Returns because the first character L is the first non repeating character in the string That s a problem because we all know the the letter L is l just different cases Check your solutionChecking your solution again answers some questions like can I write a better code by better I mean is the code I provided covering all cases of inputs is it efficient and by efficient I mean using fewer computer resources when possible If you re comfortable with your answers then check if there is another solution out there for the same problem you solved if any are found go through them I learned a lot by doing that Also get some feedback on your code that way you ll learn many ways of approaching a problem to solve it As we mentioned above we asked ourselves these questions but the algorithm we wrote couldn t go through all the different cases successfully for example The code can t handle the case when we handled two cases of the same character L and l in the word Level So we need to address that in the following Now let s revisit the code that we wrote up and see if we can come up with another solution that will cover the all different cases of a character The source code in JavaScript function firstNonRepeatingChar s Store the string after converting it into lowercase let newS s toLowerCase Store the counts of each character in a dictionary const counts for const char of newS if char in counts counts char else counts char Find the index of the first character with a count of for let i i lt s length i const char newS i if counts char return i If no such character was found return return Here are some examples of how this function can be used console log firstNonRepeatingChar Level Returns because the character e is the first non repeating character in the stringThe source code in Python def first non repeating char s str gt int Store the string after converting it into lowercase newS s lower Store the counts of each character in a dictionary counts for char in newS if char in counts counts char else counts char Find the index of the first character with a count of for index char in enumerate newS if counts char return index If no such character was found return return Here are some examples of how this function can be used print first non repeating char Level Returns because the character e is the first non repeating character in the stringExample Now that you learned from the first example let s jump into another challenge and apply the same techniques we used above This example from leetcode problem Valid Palindrome Understand the problemLearn as much information as you can about the problem what is a Palindrome Ask yourself what input you expect and what output is expected The Palindrome is a word phrase or sentence that is spelled backward as forwards We expect a string and we can do a function that first cleans that string from any non alphanumeric then reverses it and compares it with the original string Break the problem downHere is a step by step explanation of the algorithm in plain English Convert all uppercase letters in the string to lowercase This is done so that the case of the letters in the string does not affect the outcome of the comparison Remove all non alphanumeric characters from the string This is done because only alphanumeric characters are relevant for determining if a string is a palindrome Reverse the resulting string This is done so that we can compare the reversed string with the original string Compare the reversed string with the original string If they are the same then the original string is a palindrome Otherwise it is not Here is an example of how this algorithm would work on the string A man a plan a canal Panama The string is converted to lowercase so it becomes a man a plan a canal panama All non alphanumeric characters are removed so the string becomes amanaplanacanalpanama The string is reversed so it becomes amanaplanacanalpanama The reversed string is compared with the original string and since they are the same the function returns true indicating that the original string is a palindrome Find your solutionAccording to the steps we wrote in the previous stage let s put them into action and code it up The source code in JavaScript function isPalindrome s Convert all uppercase letters to lowercase s s toLowerCase Remove all non alphanumeric characters s s replace a z g Reverse the string let reversed s split reverse join Compare the reversed string with the original return s reversed Here are some examples of how this function can be used console log isPalindrome A man a plan a canal Panama returns trueconsole log isPalindrome race a car returns falseconsole log isPalindrome Never odd or even returns trueThe source code in Python def is palindrome s Convert all uppercase letters to lowercase and remove the spaces s s lower replace Create a translation table that maps non alphanumeric characters to None trans table str maketrans amp lt gt Apply trans table to remove non alphanumeric characters s s translate trans table Reverse the string reversed s Compare the reversed string with the original return s reversedHere are some examples of how this function can be used print is palindrome A man a plan a canal Panama returns Trueprint is palindrome race a car returns Falseprint is palindrome Never odd or even returns True Check your solutionWe can make it more efficient by using the pointers method let s break it down into a few points below Create left and right pointers will be represented by indices Make each pointer move to the middle directionWhile moving to check each letter for both pointers are the sameThe source code in JavaScript function isPalindrome s Convert all uppercase letters to lowercase amp Remove all non alphanumeric characters s s toLowerCase replace a z g Creating the two pointers the left at beginning right at the end let left let right s length while left lt right Check if pointers having same values if s left s right return false Move left pointer forward left Move left pointer backword right return true The source code in Python def is palindrome s Cleaning the string from all non alphanumeric s join filter str isalnum s lower Creating the two pointers the left at beginning right at the end left right len s while left lt right Check if pointers having same values if s left s right return False Move left pointer forward left left Move left pointer backword right right return True Conclusion and referencesThere are many resources available to help you out and with more practice you ll be able to solve many algorithm problems that come your way This video is one of the great resources to learn about algorithms and data structures from FreeCodeCampIt is important to keep a cool head and not get bogged down in frustration Algorithms problems can be difficult but with patience and perseverance they can be solved When you are solving an algorithm problem it is important to be able to check your solution against other solutions if possible to see how others approach the same problem This is will help you to retain and understand the logic behind the different solutions so you ll need this kind of knowledge in the future solving problems By following the steps outlined in this article you will be able to solve algorithm problems with ease Remember to keep a notebook or excel sheet with all of your solutions so that you can revisit them later on that way you will gain maximum retention of the logic If you want to learn more about algorithms and programming sign up for our mailing list We ll send you tips tricks and resources to help you improve your skills	2022-12-25 15:32:38
海外TECH	DEV Community	Chatbot using OpenAI API	https://dev.to/ayazmirza54/chatbot-using-openai-api-3g70	Chatbot using OpenAI APIHi all this is my first post on dev to Recently i came across a very amazing AI chatbot named chatgpt and once i started using it i understood that how far the technology of AI reached and now it help us getting work done quick OpenAI s GPT API has opened up a world of possibilities for developers looking to create AI chatbots GPT is an advanced machine learning model that can process and generate natural language making it ideal for creating AI chatbots In this blog post i will be discussing about a web app made by me in which i tried to implement the OpenAI gpt api in a web app in a similar fashion like chatgpt I named the app CodePal You can just chat with it and ask it questions it will answer to your questions with reply it recieves from the OpenAI API Below is the tech stack i used To keep things simple i went with using Vite as a build tool that too the vanilla vite template as i did not wanted to complicate things First i built out the client side of a app in which i used HTML CSS and vanilla Javascript Below is the folder structure for the client side of the app gt On the server side i used Express js as the backend service and below packages nodemon dotenv cors Also the openai node module was used to communicate with OpenAI gpt API For getting data from the api i used the the javascript built in fetch API Regarding the OpenAI API usage i used the text davinci nlp model With below values as the API usage parameter model text davinci prompt prompt temperature max tokens top p frequency penalty presence penalty I also deployed the project for free using Vercel as the application to host the client side and render Render as the appication to host the server side my experience with using this two apps was awesome these two app make the deployment process so easy Both od the above apps has decent free tier which is perfect for deploying hobby side project Below is the link to the github repository please have a look gt gt Codepal Github linkLink to the hosted app gt gt CodePalTo conclude GPT is a powerful AI chatbot development framework that is powered by the most advanced machine learning model available It offers an advanced API and simple syntax that makes it easy to create custom AI chatbots GPT is lightweight open source and highly extensible making it a great choice for developers looking to create an AI chatbot It is also well documented and its increasing popularity make it sure to be a mainstay in the AI chatbot development space for years to come I had so much fun in making this project loved the OpenAI API as it is easy to implement in your own web app and one can leverage of the power of such advanced NLP models so easily Vite is also an awesome tool it makes the build process so fast within seconds our app is ready to go Vercel and Render is a very good combination to host and deploy any full stack application without even spending a penny	2022-12-25 15:32:25
ニュース	BBC News - Home	King refers to hardship and food banks in first message	https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-64053758?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA	public	2022-12-25 15:10:00
ニュース	BBC News - Home	Wallasey pub shooting: Woman fatally shot was not targeted - police	https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-64090038?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA	policethe	2022-12-25 15:48:24
ニュース	BBC News - Home	King Charles greets Sandringham crowds after Christmas Day service	https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-64089661?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA	magdalene	2022-12-25 15:42:28
ニュース	BBC News - Home	Charlo-Tszyu off as undisputed world champion breaks hand	https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/boxing/64091245?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA	super	2022-12-25 15:31:02
北海道	北海道新聞	阿寒湖のマリモ　湖面結氷しないと枯れる？　釧路市と東大の研究グループ実験　直接太陽浴び続けると損傷	https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/780477/	研究グループ	2022-12-26 00:33:06
北海道	北海道新聞	ともさかりえさん再婚　「人生の大先輩」の編集者と	https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/780565/	自身	2022-12-26 00:27:00
北海道	北海道新聞	鶏卵も値上げ、歳末の菓子店・食卓直撃　鳥インフルで生産減が追い打ち	https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/780487/	値上がり	2022-12-26 00:26:03
北海道	北海道新聞	送電線断線　記録的大雪で倒木	https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/780564/	送電	2022-12-26 00:23:00
北海道	北海道新聞	大規模停電再び　凍てつく興部　病院はヘッドライトでおむつ交換／独居老人宅へ安否確認	https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/780554/	独居老人	2022-12-26 00:17:31
北海道	北海道新聞	自公政権復帰から１０年　選挙に強み、ほころびも	https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/780562/	自公政権	2022-12-26 00:16:00
北海道	北海道新聞	歌会始、入選者１０人決まる　皇居で来年１月１８日	https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/780561/	歌会始の儀	2022-12-26 00:15:00
北海道	北海道新聞	学術会議と政府　深まる溝　会員選考に「第三者関与」巡り	https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/780560/	日本学術会議	2022-12-26 00:07:16