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AWS	AWS Partner Network (APN) Blog	Meet Our Newest AWS Ambassadors from 2Q 2022 and Explore the Latest Ambassador Activities	https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/apn/meet-our-newest-aws-ambassadors-from-2q-2022-and-explore-the-latest-ambassador-activities/	Meet Our Newest AWS Ambassadors from Q and Explore the Latest Ambassador ActivitiesThe APN Ambassador Program is a vibrant worldwide community of technical experts known as AWS Ambassadors who are prominent leaders and passionate about sharing their AWS technical expertise They author blogs and whitepapers create and deliver public presentations and contribute to open source projects Our Ambassadors evangelize AWS via social media and facilitate peer to peer learning by presenting at conferences leading workshops and hosting user group events	2022-07-27 16:18:02
AWS	AWS	Form3 re-imagines banking payments in the cloud with AWS | Amazon Web Services	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8B0Ki-fkUEA	Form re imagines banking payments in the cloud with AWS Amazon Web ServicesForm transforms banking payments and brings them to the cloud with the scalable services of AWSVisit our site dedicated to Software Businesses Subscribe More AWS videos More AWS events videos ABOUT AWSAmazon Web Services AWS is the world s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform offering over fully featured services from data centers globally Millions of customers ーincluding the fastest growing startups largest enterprises and leading government agencies ーare using AWS to lower costs become more agile and innovate faster SaaS SoftwareBusiness SoftwareVendor Cloud Banking AWS AmazonWebServices CloudComputing	2022-07-27 16:33:01
AWS	AWS	Working as a Technical Product Manager at AWS | Amazon Web Services	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifryZ1hQY1I	Working as a Technical Product Manager at AWS Amazon Web ServicesAs a Technical Product Manager at AWS you ll have the opportunity to combine technial skills with business knowledge Soniya and Dunia two Senior Technical Product Managers share why the role was their perfect fit View open roles at AWS Learn about AWS culture Subscribe More AWS videos More AWS events videos ABOUT AWSAmazon Web Services AWS is the world s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform offering over fully featured services from data centers globally Millions of customers ーincluding the fastest growing startups largest enterprises and leading government agencies ーare using AWS to lower costs become more agile and innovate faster AWSCareers AWSUSA AWSTPM AWSEarlyCareer WomenAtAWS AWS AmazonWebServices CloudComputing	2022-07-27 16:07:48
AWS	lambdaタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	【AWS】Lambda関数のLayerを使ってみた	https://qiita.com/Aichi_Lover/items/71eb30d6f6b39af9e5be	lambda	2022-07-28 01:17:16
python	Pythonタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	Python3エンジニア認定データ分析模試試験1回目　-間違えた問題-	https://qiita.com/itakura1984/items/ecf60034694b50532dd7	importnu	2022-07-28 01:33:43
python	Pythonタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	DjangoのWebアプリケーションにユーザ認証を追加する(django-allauth)	https://qiita.com/t-shirayama/items/11d022d78ea3c5623c80	django	2022-07-28 01:19:35
python	Pythonタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	【AWS】Lambda関数のLayerを使ってみた	https://qiita.com/Aichi_Lover/items/71eb30d6f6b39af9e5be	lambda	2022-07-28 01:17:16
python	Pythonタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	スクレイピイング途中のAttributeError: 'WebDriver' object has no attribute 'find_element_by_id'の解決策	https://qiita.com/jinyahiga/items/46f9a925f4a21bbef794	noattributefindelementby	2022-07-28 01:11:33
js	JavaScriptタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	Alpine.js 紹介	https://qiita.com/syou20020911/items/e9fdead0b6007290c398	attributesxdatahtml	2022-07-28 01:00:57
AWS	AWSタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	【AWS】Lambda関数のLayerを使ってみた	https://qiita.com/Aichi_Lover/items/71eb30d6f6b39af9e5be	lambda	2022-07-28 01:17:16
Ruby	Railsタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	【rails入門】youtube埋め込み	https://qiita.com/Naoya_pro/items/a8e992c40b69c88ed9e2	rails	2022-07-28 01:09:09
海外TECH	DEV Community	Building An iOS Chat App With Swift (Tutorial Guide)	https://dev.to/richard21266663/building-an-ios-chat-app-with-swift-tutorial-guide-3apc	Building An iOS Chat App With Swift Tutorial Guide In this tutorial we ll build a simple iOS chat app in Swift with the help of third party SDKs You ll learnHow to create an iOS app in Xcode IDEHow to set up the app for adding chat featuresIntegration of the Chat SDKsHow to Register a User Connect the app to the serverSend receive messages in your iOS chat appRequirementsThroughout this article I use Xcode as the development environment to create the chat app for iOS and Mac devices and MirrorFly s Chat SDK to integrate the messaging features into my new app The version of Swift is and above I recommend you download the latest version of Xcode Xcode from the Mac App Store This is necessary if you need your iOS app to be compatible with all the Apple platforms Note This article covers only the basic process of building an app with chat features If you re more curious to learn about advanced stub implementations refer to Github Start a ProjectOnce you ve installed and launched Xcode the Template page will open Select Single View App from the available options After selecting the template fill in the details of your project on the next page Make sure that you select the Language as Swift and the User Interface as SwiftUI Here the Organization identifier will help the IDE create a Bundle Identifier for your app This will help you to easily spot your app across the entire system Once this step is done a Project Folder will be created Now you have a basic app project created To build this further into a chat app we will need to add the chat features using SDKs the process is unbelievably simple Integrate the SDKOnce your Project Folder is created we have to make sure that the necessary libraries to add the chat SDKs are available For this you will have to drag the SDK Package Folder and drop it in the IDE s Project Folder Note If you need help with downloading the SDK package check this step by step guide Otherwise you can extract the xcframeworks and add them step by step Choose Project from the menu select Target gt General gt Frameworks libraries and Embedded ContentHere you will have to add all the extracted frameworks and libraries The next important step is to disable the bitcode in your project If you d ask me why is this done I d like to remind you that we are adding third party libraries and active bitcodes might now allow any external libraries to run on your project So yes we need to disable the bitcodes To do this Select Build Settings under Project Spot Bitcode and select No from the dropdown After disabling bitcodes check if any pods are initiated for this project If there are no pods active initiate one I ll give a quick briefing on what pods does to your project Pods are nothing but execution units of an iOS project They have unique IP addresses which help them to communicate with other pods Also they contain the storage volume and the configuration information of your app This reduces the need for a NAT server to make the communication happen After pod initiation add the code below necessary for the SDK initialization pod libPhoneNumber iOS pod Alamofire pod RealmSwift pod XMPPFramework Swift pod SocketRocket pod Socket IO Client Swift pod GoogleWebRTC At the end of the pod file you ll need to add the pod hook post install do installer installer pods project targets each do target target build configurations each do config config build settings IPHONEOS DEPLOYMENT TARGET config build settings ENABLE BITCODE NO config build settings APPLICATION EXTENSION API ONLY No config build settings BUILD LIBRARY FOR DISTRIBUTION YES endendendOnce the pods are configured we will have to enable a few capabilities in the project For this navigate to Project click on Target and select Signing amp capabilities You will now see a symbol at the top left corner Click on it Enable the following App groups group mirrorfly quickstartBackground Modes Audio Airplay and Picture in PictureBackground fetchRemote notifications Initialize the Chat SDKNow it s time to start using the SDK In the Chat Builder function navigate to AppDelegate class within the didFinishLaunchingWithOptionsAdd the below details to the Chat Builder function try ChatSDK Builder setAppGroupContainerID containerID CONTAINER ID setLicenseKey key LICENSE KEY isTrialLicense isTrial true setDomainBaseUrl baseUrl BASE URL buildAndInitialize In the Chat Builder Class use the isTrialLicense class to register a user You will be able to acquire the license key from your MirrorFly Account We ll use the below method to register a new user try ChatManager registerApiService for USER IDENTIFIER isSuccess flyError flyData in var data flyData if isSuccess This is your Password guard let password data password as String else return This is your Username guard let username data username as String else return else let error data getMessage print chatSDK error Connect to Chat ServerWe ll need to connect the chat app to the server to establish a connection that s needed to send receive messages ChatManager connect Send your first messageLet s send a message from the app now We ll have to call the below method FlyMessenger sendTextMessage TO JID TEXT isSuccess error chatMessage in if isSuccess Update the UI else Handle the error Receive a messageTo read an incoming message you will have to confirm the MessageEventsDelegate in the syntax mentioned below ChatManager shared messageEventsDelegate selfConclusionIf you ve come to this part of the article it means you now know all the details to build an iOS app in Swift with highly interactive chat features Also you re well on your way to launching the best chat apps To close I hope this article has helped you gather all the information you need So leave a comment if you d like to learn more about other development insights Our team will be happy to help you around soon	2022-07-27 16:23:14
海外TECH	DEV Community	Avoiding large ternary operator statements in React	https://dev.to/gax97/avoiding-large-ternary-operator-statements-in-react-4i19	Avoiding large ternary operator statements in React Introducing the problemOften when writing React applications you are conditionally rendering some piece of UI based on some state This condition can be as simple as a binary boolean condition or it can be a more complex ternary operator with multiple nested statements Let s imagine that we are calling an API using react query and that we are displaying different UI depending on the APIcall status const Example gt const data status useQuery users fetchUsers return lt Page gt status loading lt LoadingView gt status error lt ErrorView gt lt SuccessView data data gt lt Page gt These kinds of conditions can get hard to read sometimes Leveraging compound components and React Children map function we can write a cleaner solution by moving condition logic into a wrapper component const Example gt const data status useQuery users fetchUsers return lt Page Wrapper status status gt lt Page Loading gt lt LoadingView gt lt Page Loading gt lt Page Error gt lt ErrorView gt lt Page Error gt lt Page Success gt lt SuccessView data data gt lt Page Success gt lt Page Wrapper gt Page component implementationconst PageWrapper children status gt const renderChildren useCallback gt return React Children map children child gt if child type Screen Loading amp amp status loading return child if child type Screen Success amp amp status success return child return null children status return lt gt renderChildren lt gt export const Page Wrapper PageWrapper Loading children gt children Success children gt children Error children gt children Originally published at	2022-07-27 16:22:37
Apple	AppleInsider - Frontpage News	Manfrotto CFexpress card reader review: A photographer's Mac and iPad companion	https://appleinsider.com/articles/22/07/27/manfrotto-cfexpress-card-reader-review-a-photographers-mac-and-ipad-companion?utm_medium=rss	Manfrotto CFexpress card reader review A photographer x s Mac and iPad companionThe Manfrotto CFexpress Professional CFexpress Type B card reader is a great utility tool for creative pros on Mac or iPad Manfrotto CFexpress card readerCFexpress cards are about five years old at this point and haven t really shifted to mainstream devices yet Many small devices still rely on microSD cards or SD cards Read more	2022-07-27 16:05:52
海外TECH	Engadget	PlayStation Plus will offer eight Yakuza games this year	https://www.engadget.com/playstation-plus-august-games-yakuza-165334022.html?src=rss	PlayStation Plus will offer eight Yakuza games this yearSony is bringing eight Yakuza games to PlayStation Plus this year as it looks to build out the revamped service s library with notable third party titles Starting on August nd subscribers on all three tiers will be able to snag Yakuza Like a Dragon on PS and PS The other two games hitting the base Essential tier as part of August s solid lineup are Tony Hawk s Pro Skater PS and PS and Little Nightmares PS At least for now Yakuza Like a Dragon will be the only Yakuza game that will hit the Essential tier Yakuza Yakuza Kiwami and Yakuza Kiwami will join the Extra and Premium versions of the service in mid August Later this year Yakuza Remastered Yakuza Remastered and Yakuza Remastered will land on the Premium tier Those are PS games so they ll only be available to stream via the cloud Yakuza The Song of Life nbsp will hit Extra and Premium in the coming months as well Unlike Microsoft does with Game Pass Sony isn t putting its own blockbuster games out on PlayStation Plus on the day they re released It has to find other ways to make the service attractive to lure in new users and keep existing members on board Yakuza is a popular series and those who want to revisit the earlier games or check them out for the first time might be tempted to sign up to PS Plus or keep their subscription going to play through them all	2022-07-27 16:53:34
海外TECH	Engadget	White House launches a website to help people cope with extreme heat	https://www.engadget.com/heat-gov-white-house-website-163508556.html?src=rss	White House launches a website to help people cope with extreme heatPresident Biden s administration is backing up its funding for heat disaster prevention with a website to keep people informed Fast Companynotes the White House has launched a Heat gov website to help the public and authorities understand the dangers of extreme heat and reduce the health risks The agency collaboration offers maps for current and expected temperature spikes across the US prevention guidance and data driven tools Among the resources are a CDC made Heat amp Health Tracker that shows both historic and predicted trends You ll see how much hotter your area has become over the decades for instance Other tools help you understand the effects of extreme heat on vulnerable groups or aid communities seeking funds for city heat maps The Biden administration has already been using the data to guide billion in federal spending White House climate advisor David Hayes said The Heat gov debut comes just as the US and many other parts of the world grapples with particularly severe heat waves and is part of a larger strategy to deal with the realities of climate change Temperatures are expected to keep climbing and this could help planners mitigate the dangers In his most recent initiatives President Biden sent billion to FEMA for climate related disaster quot resilience quot expanded low income energy help to include efficient air conditioning and proposed wind farms in the Gulf of Mexico The website is also consolation of sorts The Supreme Court recently curbed the Environmental Protection Agency s ability to enforce the Clean Air Act West Virginia Senator Joe Manchin also thwarted efforts to include climate change measures in a federal spending bill While Heat gov won t compensate for those losses it potentially draws more attention to climate issues	2022-07-27 16:35:08
海外TECH	Engadget	How to stream Lollapalooza on Hulu this weekend	https://www.engadget.com/how-to-watch-lollapalooza-162533211.html?src=rss	How to stream Lollapalooza on Hulu this weekendWith Lollapalooza returning to Chicago s Grant Park this weekend Hulu subscribers can watch the festival from the comfort of their homes All you need is a standard or No Adds package no Live TV plan required The livestream will begin at PM ET on Thursday July th Metallica fresh from their recent Stranger Things bump headline Thursday with a set that starts at PM ET Other highlights that day include Swedish singer songwriter Tove Lo and the Wombats at PM ET and PM ET respectively nbsp Starting Friday Hulu will begin streaming performances across two channels On Channel you can catch Tinashe at PM ET and Machine Gun Kelly at PM ET while Channel will feature a performance from Canadian electronic duo Bob Moses at PM ET Note also that from Friday onwards the music starts at PM ET nbsp On Saturday EDM fans are spoiled for choice with Kygo and Kaskade separately headlining Channels and at PM ET Dashboard Confessional is also playing a set at PM ET on Channel On Sunday Lollapalooza is doing things slightly differently Saturday s headliners Porno for Pyros J Hope and Greenday won t be the last musicians to play that day They ll go on stage earlier in the evening at PM ET PM ET and PM ET respectively Presumably that s so that anyone watching at home can get to bed at a reasonable time before the start of the work week	2022-07-27 16:25:33
海外TECH	Engadget	Google Photos for Chromebooks is getting a video editor and movie maker	https://www.engadget.com/google-photos-chrome-os-video-editor-160037434.html?src=rss	Google Photos for Chromebooks is getting a video editor and movie makerLater this year Google Photos is going to get a significant update that has the distinction of first arriving on Chromebooks According to a Google blog post Google Photos will get a new movie editor and video editing features this fall as part of an update to Chrome OS From the sound of things it ll let users make videos similar to the highlight clips the app already automatically makes You ll be able to select a theme as well as people or pets you want to feature in it from there Google Photos will pull together a movie using video clips and images from your library It ll be smart enough to scan longer videos and pull out specific clips to include in these new creations as well nbsp While it s no surprise that Google is including an automated tool the company is also including the ability to start from scratch adding video clips and photos in any order you like The app will let you adjust things like brightness and contrast trim clips as you see fit add title cards and music and apply Google s Real Tone filters that work better with non white hairstyles and darker skin nbsp Google isn t saying yet if these video editing features will come to the mobile apps for iOS and Android but Google Photos has usually had feature parity regardless of platform so it wouldn t be a surprise to see these tools expand past Chromebooks before long In fact the video editor will be built in to an optimized version of the Android Google Photos app specifically built for larger screens The app will also seamlessly work with the Files and Gallery Chrome OS apps so you can open a video in the Gallery app and immediately move it right over to Google Photos for editing or including in a new creation nbsp GoogleThere are numerous other handy updates planned for Chrome OS coming in the next few months Another new Google Photos feature will allow Chromebooks to access your library and use those pictures for background wallpaper like other Chrome OS wallpaper options you can pick a specific album and set it to change daily The aforementioned Gallery app is going to get PDF editing features so you can fill out forms and sign them if you re using a Chromebook with a stylus That feature is coming next week There s also a new Cursive app for capturing and organizing hand written notes those can be copy and pasted into other apps or exported to PDFs for depending on how you need to share them nbsp Chrome OS is also getting a new dark mode something that s been rumored for a long time now As you can on most other devices you ll be able to pick one mode or have it automatically switch based on the time of day Some new wallpapers will also come with light and dark versions that automatically switch depending on which theme you use too GoogleFinally Google is making a few productivity improvements to Chrome OS Clicking on the date in the Chromebook shelf will pop up a monthly calendar view you can choose a date to see your Google Calendar events without having to open the app or website And Chrome OS will let you save virtual desk setups so if you have a specific set of tabs and apps you use frequently you can call them up and dismiss them as needed Most of these updates should be coming in August though Google specifically noted the virtual desk update won t be available until late September And the Google Photos video editing tools are set to arrive in the “fall ーhopefully sooner than later	2022-07-27 16:00:37
海外TECH	Engadget	Is DALL-E's art borrowed or stolen?	https://www.engadget.com/dall-e-generative-ai-tracking-data-privacy-160034656.html?src=rss	Is DALL E x s art borrowed or stolen In Marcel Duchamp submitted a sculpture to the Society of Independent Artists under a false name Fountain was a urinal bought from a toilet supplier with the signature R Mutt on its side in black paint Duchamp wanted to see if the society would abide by its promise to accept submissions without censorship or favor It did not But Duchamp was also looking to broaden the notion of what art is saying a ready made object in the right context would qualify In Andy Warhol would twist convention with Campbell s Soup Cans paintings of soup cans each one a different flavor Then as before the debate raged about if something mechanically produced a urinal or a soup can albeit hand painted by Warhol counted as art and what that meant Now the debate has been turned upon its head as machines can mass produce unique pieces of art on their own Generative Artificial Intelligences GAIs are systems which create pieces of work that can equal the old masters in technique if not in intent But there is a problem since these systems are trained on existing material often using content pulled from the internet from us Is it right then that the AIs of the future are able to produce something magical on the backs of our labor potentially without our consent or compensation The new frontierThe most famous GAI right now is DALL E Open AI s system for creating “realistic images and art from a description in natural language A user could enter the phrase “teddy bears shopping for groceries in the style of Ukiyo e and the model will produce pictures in that style Similarly ask for the bears to be shopping in Ancient Egypt and the images will look more like dioramas from a museum depicting life under the Pharaohs To the untrained eye some of these pictures look like they were drawn in th century Japan or shot at a museum in the s And these results are coming despite the technology still being at a relatively early stage Open AI recently announced that DALL E would be made available to up to one million users as part of a large scale beta test Each user will be able to make generations for free during their first month of use and then for every subsequent month A generation is either the production of four images from a single prompt or the creation of three more if you choose to edit or vary something that s already been produced Additional credit packages can be bought for and the company says more detailed pricing is likely to come as the product evolves Crucially users are entitled to commercialize the images produced with DALL E letting them print sell or otherwise license the pictures borne from their prompts Open AIThese systems did not however develop an eye for a good picture in a vacuum and each GAI has to be trained Artificial Intelligence is after all a fancy term for what is essentially a way of teaching software how to recognize patterns “You allow an algorithm to develop that can be improved through experience said Ben Hagag head of research at Darrow an AI startup looking to improve access to justice “And by experience I mean examining and finding patterns in data “We say to the system take a look at this dataset and find patterns which then go on to form a coherent view of the data at hand “The model learns as a baby learns he said so if a baby looked at a pictures of a landscape it would soon understand that the sky normally oriented across the top of the image would be blue while land is green Hagag cited how Google built its language model by training a system on several gigabytes of text from the dictionary to examples of the written word “The model understood the patterns how the language is built the syntax and even the hidden structure that even linguists find hard to define Hagag said Now that model is sophisticated enough that “once you give it a few words it can predict the next few words you re going to write In Google s Ajit Varma told The Wall Street Journal that its smart reply feature had been trained on “billions of Gmail messages adding that initial tests saw options like I Love You and Sent from my iPhone offered up since they were so commonly seen in communications Developers who do not have the benefit of access to a data set as vast as Google s need to find data via other means “Every researcher developing a language model first downloads Wikipedia then adds more Hagag said He added that they are likely to pull down any and every piece of available data that they can find The sassy tweet you sent a few years ago or that sincere Facebook post may have been used to train someone s language model somewhere Even Open AI uses social media posts with WebText a dataset which pulls text from outbound Reddit links which received at least three karma albeit with Wikipedia references removed Guan Wang CTO of Huski says that the pulling down of data is “very common “Open internet data is the go to for the majority of AI model training nowadays he said And that it s the policy of most researchers to get as much data as they can “When we look for speech data we will get whatever speech we can get he added This policy of more data is more is known to produce less than ideal results and Ben Hagag cited Riley Newman former head of data science at Airbnb who said “better data beats more data but Hagag notes that often “it s easier to get more data than it is to clean it Craiyon Daniel CooperDALL E may now be available to a million users but it s likely that people s first experience of a GAI is with its less fancy sibling Craiyon formerly DALL E Mini is the brainchild of French developer Boris Dayma who started work on his model after reading Open AI s original DALL E paper Not long after Google and the AI development community HuggingFace ran a hackathon for people to build quick and dirty machine learning models “I suggested Hey let s replicate DALL E I have no clue how to do that but let s do it said Dayma The team would go on to win the competition albeit with a rudimentary rough around the edges version of the system “The image it produced was clear It wasn t great but it wasn t horrible he added But unlike the full fat DALLl E Dayma s team was focused on slimming the model down so that it could work on comparatively low powered hardware Dayma s original model was fairly open about which image sets it would pull from often with problematic consequences “In early models still in some models you ask for a picture for example mountains under the snow he said “and then on top of it the Shutterstock or Alamy watermark It s something many AI researchers have found with GAIs being trained on those image libraries public facing image catalogs which are covered in anti piracy watermarks Dayma said that the model had erroneously learned that high quality landscape images typically had a watermark from one of those public photo libraries and removed them from his model He added that some early results also output not safe for work responses forcing him to make further refinements to his initial training set Dayma added that he had to do a lot of the sorting through the data himself and said that “a lot of the images on the internet are bad Got sent some moody Russian ruDall E GAN images last week from my dev piotr that had shutterstock logos generated in them oh how we laughed now looks like the real Dall E is doing the same pic twitter com AyLFHelwー amoebadesign amoebadesign June But it s not just Dayma who has noticed the regular appearance of a Shutterstock watermark or something a lot like it popping up in AI generated art Which begs the question are people just ripping off Shutterstock s public facing library to train their AI It appears that one of the causes is Google which has indexed a whole host of watermarked Shutterstock images as part of its Conceptual Captions framework Delve into the data and you ll see a list of image URLs which can be used to train your own AI model thousands of which are from Shutterstock Shutterstock declined to comment on the practice for this article Several results from the bigger GAN models like StyleGAN are even able to recreate the watermark on images from certain websites namely Shutterstock It looks like hardly anyone doing ML really cares about privacy or copyright at the moment pic twitter com ADrKzzOzMHーA Wojcicki pretendsmarts March A Google spokesperson said that they don t “believe this is an issue for the datasets we re involved with They also quoted from this Creative Commons report saying that “the use of works to train AI should be considered non infringing by default assuming that access to the copyright works was lawful at the point of input That is despite the fact that Shutterstock itself expressly forbids visitors to its site from using “any data mining robots or similar data and or image gathering and extraction methods in connection with the site or Shutterstock content You got to love how the GAN has the shutterstick watermark trained it and tries hard to put it into the image Also apparently a certain subset of images of horses have all the shutterstock address placed in the same position on the bottom pic twitter com IiWkcuYzーdatenwolf datenwolf chaos social datenwolf January Alex Cardinelli CEO at AI startup Article Forge says that he sees no issue with models being trained on copyrighted texts “so long as the material itself was lawfully acquired and the model does not plagiarize the material He compared the situation to a student reading the work of an established author who may “learn the author s styles or patterns and later find applicable places to reuse those concepts He added that so long as a model isn t “copying and pasting from their training data then it simply repeats a pattern that has appeared since the written word began Dayma says that at present hundreds of thousands if not millions of people are playing with his system on a daily basis That all incurs a cost both for hosting and processing which he couldn t sustain from his own pocket for very long especially since it remains a “hobby Consequently the site runs ads at the top and bottom of its page between which you ll get a grid of nine surreal images “For people who use the site commercially we could always charge for it he suggested But he admitted his knowledge of US copyright law wasn t detailed enough to be able to discuss the impact of his own model or others in the space This is the situation that Open AI also perhaps finds itself dealing with given that it is now allowing users to sell pictures created by DALL E The law of artThe legal situation is not a particularly clear one especially not in the US where there have been few cases covering Text and Data Mining or TDM This is the technical term for the training of an AI by plowing through a vast trove of source material looking for patterns In the US TDM is broadly covered by Fair Use which permits various forms of copying and scanning for the purposes of allowing access This isn t however a settled subject but there is one case that people believe sets enough of a precedent to enable the practice Authors Guild v Google was brought by a body representing authors which accused Google of digitizing printed works that were still held under copyright The initial purpose of the work was in partnership with several libraries to catalog and database the texts to make research easier Authors however were concerned that Google was violating copyright and even if it wasn t making the text of a still copyrighted work available publicly it was prohibited from scanning and storing it in the first place Eventually the Second Circuit ruled in favor of Google saying that digitizing copyright protected work did not constitute copyright infringement Rahul Telang is Professor of Information Systems at Carnegie Mellon University and an expert in digitization and copyright He says that the issue is “multi dimensional and that the Google Books case offers a “sort of precedent but not a solid one “I wish I could tell you there was a clear answer he said “but it s a complicated issue especially around works that may or may not be transformative And until there is a solid case it s likely that courts will apply the usual tests for copyright infringement around if a work supplants the need for the original and if it causes economic harm to the original rights holder Telang believes that countries will look to loosen restrictions on TDM wherever possible in order to boost domestic AI research The US Copyright Office says that it will register an “original work of authorship provided that the work was created by a human being This is due to the old precedent that the only thing worth copyrighting is “the fruits of intellectual labor produced by the “creative powers of the mind In this principle was affirmed by a case of purloined listings from one phone book company by another The Supreme Court held that while effort may have gone into the compilation of a phone book the information contained therein was not an original work created by a human being and so therefore couldn t be copyrighted It will be interesting to see if there are any challenges made to users trying to license or sell a DALL E work for this very reason Rob Holmes a private investigator who works on copyright and trademark infringement with many major tech companies and fashion brands believes that there is a reticence across the industry to pursue a landmark case that would settle the issue around TDM and copyright “Legal departments get very little money he said “All these different brands and everyone s waiting for the other brand or IP owner to begin the lawsuit And when they do it s because some senior VP or somebody at the top decided to spend the money and once that happens there s a good year of planning the litigation That often gives smaller companies plenty of time to either get their house in order get big enough to be worth a lawsuit or go out of business “Setting a precedent as a sole company costs a lot of money Holmes said but brands will move fast if there s an immediate risk to profitability Designer brand Hermés for instance is suing an artist named Mason Rothschild who is producing MetaBirkins NFTs These are styled images on a design reminiscent of Hermés famous Birkin handbag something the French fashion house says is nothing more than an old fashioned rip off This too is likely to have ramifications for the industry as it wrestles with philosophical questions of what work is sufficiently transformational as to prevent an accusation of piracy Artists are also able to upload their own work to DALL E and then generate recreations in their own style I spoke to one artist who asked not to be named or otherwise described for fear of being identified and suffering reprisals They showed me examples of their work alongside recreations made by DALLl E which while crude were still close enough to look like the real thing They said that on this evidence alone their livelihood as a working artist is at risk and that the creative industries writ large are “doomed Article Forge CEO Alex Cardinelli says that this situation again has historical precedent with the industrial revolution He says that unlike then society has a collective responsibility to “make sure that anyone who is displaced is adequately supported And that anyone in the AI space should be backing a “robust safety net including “universal basic income and free access to education which he says is the “bare minimum a society in the midst of such a revolution should offer Trained on your dataAIs are already in use Microsoft for instance partnered with OpenAI to harness GPT as a way to build code In the company announced that it would integrate the system into its low code app development platform to help people build apps and tools for Microsoft products Duolingo uses the system to improve people s French grammar while apps like Flowrite employs it to help make writing blog posts and emails easier and faster Midjourney a DALL E esque GAI for art which has recently opened up its beta is capable of producing stunning illustrated art with customers charged between a month if they wish to produce more images or use those pictures commercially For now that s something Craiyon doesn t necessarily need to worry about since the resolution is presently so low “People ask me why is the model bad on faces not realizing that the model is equally good or bad at everything Dayma said “It s just that you know when you draw a tree if the leaves are messed up you don t care but when the faces or eyes are we put more attention on it This will however take time both to improve the model and to improve the accessibility of computing power capable of producing the work Dayma believes that despite any notion of low quality any GAI will need to be respectful of “the applicable laws and that it shouldn t be used for “harmful purposes And artificial intelligence isn t simply a toy or an interesting research project but something that has already caused plenty of harm Take Clearview AI a company that scraped several billion images including from social media platforms to build what it claims is a comprehensive image recognition database According to The New York Times this technology was used by billionaire John Catsimatidis to identify his daughter s boyfriend BuzzFeed News reported that Clearview has offered access not just to law enforcement its supposed corporate goal but to a number of figures associated with the far right The system has also proved less than reliable with The Times reporting that it has led to a number of wrongful arrests Naturally the ability to synthesize any image without the need for a lot of photoshopping should raise alarm Deepfakes a system that uses AI to replace someone s face in a video has already been used to produce adult content featuring celebrities As quickly as companies making AIs can put in guardrails to prevent adult content prompts it s likely that loopholes will be found And as open source research and development becomes more prevalent it s likely that other platforms will be created with less scrupulous aims Not to mention the risk of this technology being used for political ends given the ease of creating fake imagery that could be used for propaganda purposes Of course Duchamp and Warhol may have stretched the definitions of what art can be but they did not destroy art in and of itself It would be a mistake to suggest that automating image generation will inevitably lead to the collapse of civilization But it s worth being cautious about the effects on artists who may find themselves without a living if it s easier to commission a GAI to produce something for you Not to mention the implication for what and how these systems are creating material for sale on the backs of our data Perhaps it is time that we examined if it s necessary to implement a way of protecting our material something equivalent to Do Not Track to prevent it being chewed up and crunched through the AI sausage machine	2022-07-27 16:00:34
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