投稿時間:2023-06-25 21:14:41 RSSフィード2023-06-25 21:00 分まとめ(14件)

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AWS	AWS - Japan	B 3	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqZWM8XSrPo	詳細	2023-06-25 11:27:51
python	Pythonタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	ChatGPTの新機能、関数呼び出し機能を使って自作ライブラリのチュートリアルを完全自動作成する。	https://qiita.com/Toshimichi/items/f40e68664415b8337741	chatgpt	2023-06-25 20:11:14
js	JavaScriptタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	Node.js で JavaScript を実行する	https://qiita.com/shuntaron/items/6f3ce609ec72f6718b37	ubuntultsnodej	2023-06-25 20:58:17
js	JavaScriptタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	Deno(TypeScript)でCookieをセキュアにしてヘッダーを改良（供養）	https://qiita.com/myon-bioinformatics/items/bb982f42532d1aed2f87	cookie	2023-06-25 20:55:23
Docker	dockerタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	【作業メモ】Docker Desktop for Windowsでコンテナを立てる	https://qiita.com/Pretzelisa/items/140b146f1f2c5763a3cc	dockerdesktopforwindows	2023-06-25 20:21:30
Git	Gitタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	[GitHub] Contributionについて	https://qiita.com/smartPG/items/2d4bb7f899e0201f6ab4	contribution	2023-06-25 20:12:19
技術ブログ	Developers.IO	LlamaIndexのアップデートまとめ：0.6.28(2023/06/19) から 0.6.32(2023/06/24) まで【Object Indexの追加】	https://dev.classmethod.jp/articles/llamaindex-update-0-6-28-to-0-6-32/	index	2023-06-25 11:23:35
海外TECH	MakeUseOf	How to Update to the Latest Raspberry Pi OS	https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/raspberry-pi-update-raspbian-os/	raspberry	2023-06-25 11:28:20
海外TECH	DEV Community	Unlocking Performance: A Guide to Async Support in Django	https://dev.to/pragativerma18/unlocking-performance-a-guide-to-async-support-in-django-2jdj	Unlocking Performance A Guide to Async Support in DjangoPerformance optimization is a crucial aspect of building web applications and developers are constantly seeking ways to make their applications faster and more responsive In the world of Django async support has emerged as a powerful tool for unlocking performance improvements By embracing async programming developers can take advantage of non blocking operations improved scalability and enhanced responsiveness Whether you re new to async programming or an experienced Django developer this guide will provide you with valuable insights practical tips and real world examples to help you harness the power of async support in Django Let s get started by understanding what is async programming Understanding Async ProgrammingAsync programming short for asynchronous programming is a programming paradigm that allows for non blocking execution of code It provides a way to write programs that can perform multiple tasks concurrently without waiting for each task to complete before moving on to the next one In traditional synchronous programming code execution occurs sequentially with each operation blocking the program until it completes This can lead to inefficiencies especially when dealing with operations that involve waiting for external resources such as network requests or database queries The program often sits idle during these waiting periods wasting valuable time Async programming on the other hand introduces the concept of coroutines and event driven execution Coroutines are functions or methods that can be paused and resumed allowing other code to run in the meantime An event loop acts as the coordinator managing the execution of coroutines scheduling them to run concurrently and switching between them as needed With async programming when a task encounters an operation that would typically block it instead pauses and allows the event loop to switch to another task that can continue executing This way the program can make progress on other tasks while waiting for operations to complete effectively utilizing system resources and improving overall performance and responsiveness The main advantage of async programming is improved responsiveness and resource utilization By avoiding unnecessary waiting periods the program can perform other tasks or respond to events making better use of available resources Here s a concise comparison between synchronous and asynchronous programming paradigms Synchronous ProgrammingAsynchronous ProgrammingExecutionSequential code executes one statement at a time blocking until each operation completes Concurrent multiple operations can be initiated without waiting for each one to finish before moving on Blocking BehaviorOperations block the program s execution until completion potentially causing idle time Operations do not block the program s execution allowing other tasks to be performed while waiting ConcurrencyLimited tasks are executed one after the other lacking efficient concurrency Enhanced concurrency is achieved through non blocking I O and concurrent execution enabling efficient handling of multiple tasks ComplexitySimple and readable code with a straightforward linear flow Can be more complex due to the need to manage callbacks coroutines or promises futures Use CasesWell suited for simple tasks or when simplicity and readability are crucial Ideal for I O bound operations real time systems or scenarios requiring high concurrency and responsiveness Now before moving deeper into async programming let s firstly clear up the terminology and the basic concepts that are associated with it irrespective of any specific language or framework Terminology amp Basic ConceptsCoroutinesCoroutines are the building blocks of async programming They are functions or methods that can be paused and resumed at specific points during execution Coroutines allow for cooperative multitasking and are often defined using special syntax or keywords provided by the programming language Imagine a chef cooking in a busy restaurant kitchen The chef starts preparing one dish but realizes that it needs to simmer for a while Instead of waiting for it to finish the chef pauses switches to another dish and continues cooking This ability to pause and switch tasks represents coroutines in async programming Event LoopThe event loop is a central component of async programming It is responsible for managing and coordinating the execution of coroutines The event loop continuously checks for events such as I O completion or timer expiration and dispatches the corresponding coroutines for execution It ensures that coroutines progress concurrently and efficiently Think of an event coordinator at a conference The coordinator receives notifications about various events happening throughout the venue such as speakers finishing their talks or workshops starting The coordinator maintains a schedule and ensures that each event is appropriately managed and executed just like an event loop manages the execution of coroutines in async programming Non blocking I ONon blocking I O operations are crucial in async programming They allow for initiating I O operations without blocking the program s execution When a non blocking I O operation is initiated the program can continue executing other tasks or coroutines while waiting for the I O operation to complete This approach maximizes resource utilization and responsiveness Consider a receptionist at a hotel who assists guests with their requests When a guest asks for extra towels the receptionist doesn t wait for the towels to arrive before attending to the next guest Instead the receptionist makes a request for towels and continues serving other guests while waiting for the towels to be delivered This parallels non blocking I O where the program initiates an I O operation and proceeds with other tasks while waiting for the operation to complete Promises FuturesPromises or futures are objects that represent the results of asynchronous operations They allow for handling values that may not be immediately available Promises can be awaited within coroutines and when the operation they represent completes the coroutine resumes execution with the result Promises provide a way to work with the outcome of asynchronous tasks Imagine ordering a package online and receiving a tracking number The tracking number is like a promise or future It represents the result of the order but you don t have the package immediately You can continue with other activities while waiting for the package to be delivered Once the package arrives you can process it or continue with further tasks Promises futures provide a similar mechanism for handling the results of asynchronous operations in async programming CallbacksCallbacks are functions or code snippets that are executed in response to specific events or the completion of asynchronous operations They are often used to handle the results or errors of asynchronous tasks Callbacks allow for defining custom logic to be executed when an event occurs providing flexibility in async programming Think of a music festival where different stages host performances simultaneously Each stage has a schedule and the festival attendees can choose which performances to attend Attending a performance is like registering a callback When the performance ends the attendees are notified and they can decide how to respond whether it s moving to another stage or staying for the next performance Callbacks in async programming work similarly allowing specific actions to be triggered when an event or asynchronous operation completes Now let s move to async support in Django Async Support in DjangoBefore Django the framework primarily supported synchronous blocking execution However starting from Django async support was introduced as an experimental feature With async support enabled Django applications can take advantage of asynchronous programming paradigms and leverage the benefits of non blocking I O and concurrent execution Django now allows you to define async views database operations mostly and middleware which we ll be discussing in further detail in a bit But before we dive in we should take a look at what are ASGI and HTTPX and why are they needed to enable async support in your Django application What is ASGI The ASGI Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface protocol is a specification that defines the interface between web servers and Python web applications or frameworks enabling asynchronous operations in the context of web development Traditionally web applications in Python were served using synchronous servers like WSGI Web Server Gateway Interface However synchronous servers were limited in their ability to handle concurrency and scale efficiently especially when dealing with long running or I O bound operations This led to the development of the ASGI protocol which addresses these limitations by introducing asynchronous capabilities The ASGI protocol enables web servers to communicate with Python applications or frameworks in an asynchronous manner It defines a standardized interface that allows for the exchange of HTTP requests and responses as well as handling other types of asynchronous events such as WebSockets or server sent events Here s a quick comparison between WSGI and ASGI WSGI Web Server Gateway Interface ASGI Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface Request HandlingSynchronousAsynchronousConcurrencySingle threadedSupports concurrency and parallelismI O HandlingBlocking I OSupports non blocking I OPerformanceLimited scalabilityImproved scalability and performanceReal time SupportNoSupports real time functionality e g WebSockets MiddlewareSynchronous middleware executionSupports both synchronous and asynchronous middlewareFrameworksDjango Flask Pyramid etc Django FastAPI Starlette etc AdoptionWell establishedGaining popularity and adoptionNote WSGI applications can be run on ASGI servers using compatibility layers but they won t take full advantage of the asynchronous capabilities provided by ASGI Why is ASGI needed for async support in Django ASGI is needed for async support in Django to unlock the benefits of asynchronous programming The asynchronous nature of ASGI enables Django to scale horizontally by distributing the workload across multiple worker processes or machines Moreover using ASGI Django can take advantage of the growing ecosystem of Python s asynchronous libraries and tools ASGI enables integration with async capable database libraries caching backends and other services This flexibility allows Django developers to harness the power of async libraries and design applications that leverage their capabilities Also ASGI was designed to be backward compatible with the existing WSGI standard which Django traditionally relies on This compatibility allows Django applications to transition gradually to ASGI without disrupting existing codebases ASGI servers can run both WSGI and ASGI applications making it easier to adopt async support in Django applications incrementally Uvicorn and Daphne are both ASGI server implementations that can be used with Django to serve your application using the ASGI protocol Uvicorn is built on top of the uvloop library which is a fast implementation of the event loop based on libuv while Daphne is maintained as part of the Django Channels project and was designed to handle the unique requirements of Django applications that utilize asynchronous features such as real time updates bidirectional communication and long lived connections Here s a quick comparison of the key features of Uvicorn and Daphne UvicornDaphneProtocolASGIASGIPerformanceHigh performance built on uvloopGood performance optimized for Django and ChannelsWebSocket SupportYesYesHTTP VersionsHTTP HTTP HTTP HTTP Server Sent EventsYesYesManagement CommandsNoYesConfigurationSimple and lightweightMore advanced with additional featuresCompatibilitySuitable for various Python frameworks and appsSpecifically designed for Django and Django ChannelsUse CaseGeneral ASGI applications performance criticalDjango applications with WebSocket and real time needsThe choice between Uvicorn and Daphne depends on your specific requirements and priorities Consider the following factors Performance If high performance is a top priority Uvicorn may be a better choice due to its lightweight nature and optimized event loop WebSocket and Real Time Needs Both servers provide WebSocket support and server sent events making them suitable for real time applications Consider Daphne s integration with Django Channels if you have extensive WebSocket needs Advanced Features Daphne offers additional features such as automatic WebSocket protocol upgrading and integrated management commands making it beneficial for complex Django applications Compatibility Uvicorn is more general purpose and can be used with various Python frameworks while Daphne is specifically tailored for Django applications Choose Uvicorn when you require high performance simplicity and compatibility with different frameworks Opt for Daphne when you need advanced features enhanced WebSocket support and seamless integration with Django and Django Channels Using Uvicorn with Gunicorn is also a popular choice as it provides a powerful combination for serving your Django application Gunicorn is a reliable and widely used WSGI server while Uvicorn brings the benefits of ASGI support and high performance event driven processing By integrating Uvicorn as a worker class in Gunicorn you leverage the simplicity and stability of Gunicorn while harnessing Uvicorn s ability to handle asynchronous requests efficiently This setup allows you to take advantage of Uvicorn s fast event loop implementation WebSocket support and other ASGI features while benefiting from Gunicorn s process management load balancing and compatibility with various deployment scenarios Read more here Together Uvicorn and Gunicorn provide a solid foundation for serving Django applications with both synchronous and asynchronous capabilities Here s how you can incorporate Uvicorn into your existing Django application Install Uvicorn pip install uvicornCreate an ASGI entry point file In your project s root directory create a file named asgi py and add the following content import osfrom django core asgi import get asgi applicationos environ setdefault DJANGO SETTINGS MODULE your project name settings application get asgi application Test the ASGI server You can now test the ASGI server locally with Uvicorn by running the following command in your project s root directory uvicorn your project name asgi applicationUvicorn will start the ASGI server which will run your Django application using the ASGI entry point file asgi py Configure your web server To use Uvicorn with your web server you need to configure it to proxy requests to Uvicorn which will then handle the ASGI communication with your Django application If you re using Nginx you can add a proxy configuration in your Nginx server block like this location proxy pass http localhost proxy set header Host host proxy set header X Real IP remote addr proxy set header X Forwarded For proxy add x forwarded for proxy set header X Forwarded Proto scheme Restart the web server After making the necessary configuration changes restart your web server to apply the updates Read more in the official Django documentation What is HTTPX HTTPX is a popular Python library that provides an asynchronous HTTP client and it can be beneficial for enabling async support in Django While Django itself does not require HTTPX for async support using HTTPX in combination with Django s async views can bring several advantages Asynchronous Capabilities HTTPX is designed with async support in mind and offers a fully asynchronous API for making HTTP requests It integrates seamlessly with async frameworks like Django and allows you to perform HTTP operations asynchronously without blocking the event loop enhancing the responsiveness and scalability of your application Performance and Efficiency HTTPX is built on top of the async capable httpcore library which provides a high performance HTTP client implementation By leveraging HTTPX s async capabilities you can take advantage of the non blocking nature of async I O to perform HTTP requests concurrently and efficiently reducing the latency and improving the overall performance of your application Flexible and Modern Features HTTPX provides a modern feature rich HTTP client with support for features like request streaming automatic handling of redirects authentication connection pooling and more It offers a user friendly interface and supports various HTTP protocols and methods making it suitable for a wide range of use cases Compatibility with Async Ecosystem HTTPX aligns well with the async ecosystem and integrates smoothly with other async libraries and frameworks It can be easily used alongside Django s async views Django Channels and other async components allowing you to build end to end asynchronous workflows within your Django application While Django provides its own synchronous HTTP client through the django http HttpClient module it lacks the async capabilities and performance benefits of HTTPX Therefore if you re working with async views or need to perform asynchronous HTTP operations within your Django application integrating HTTPX can be a valuable choice to harness the full power of asynchronous programming and enhance the efficiency and responsiveness of your application s HTTP interactions To use HTTPX in Django you can follow these steps Install HTTPX Start by installing the HTTPX library using pip Open your terminal or command prompt and run the following command pip install httpxImport HTTPX and Make HTTP Requests In your Django views or other components where you want to use HTTPX import the necessary classes and functions from the httpx module With HTTPX imported you can now use it to make HTTP requests It provides a client class called AsyncClient for asynchronous requests You can create an instance of AsyncClient and use it to make various types of requests Here s an example of making a GET request to a remote API import httpxasync def my async view request try response await httpx get response status code httpx codes OK data response json except httpx HTTPError as e Handle the HTTP error return HttpResponseServerError str e Process the data and return an HTTP response return HttpResponse data Now we are ready to learn about the async support for different components in Django Async Adapter FunctionsIn Django the async to sync and sync to async functions are provided by the asgiref sync module They serve as utility functions to bridge the gap between synchronous and asynchronous code within the Django framework async to sync This function allows you to call synchronous code within an asynchronous context It takes an asynchronous callable coroutine as an argument and returns a synchronous wrapper around it This is useful when you have existing synchronous code that you want to use within an async view or when you need to call synchronous Django functions from an async context If you need to call synchronous Django functions such as render get object or or reverse from an async view or an async function you can wrap those calls using async to sync For example from asgiref sync import async to syncasync def async function Some asynchronous codesync function async to sync async function result sync function In the example above async function is an asynchronous coroutine but sync function is a synchronous wrapper around it By calling sync function the asynchronous code is executed synchronously sync to async This function allows you to call asynchronous code within a synchronous context It takes a synchronous callable as an argument and returns an asynchronous wrapper around it This is useful when you have existing synchronous code that needs to be used within an async context or when you need to call async functions from synchronous Django code For example from asgiref sync import sync to asyncdef sync function Some synchronous codeasync function sync to async sync function result await async function In the example above sync function is a synchronous function but async function is an asynchronous wrapper around it By using await async function the synchronous code is executed asynchronously The sync to async function in Django offers two threading modes for converting synchronous functions into asynchronous ones thread sensitive True default In this mode the sync function will run in the same thread as other thread sensitive functions Typically this will be the main thread if it is synchronous and you are using the async to sync wrapper thread sensitive False In this mode the sync function will run in a new thread that is created specifically for the invocation Once the function completes this thread is closed The reason for these modes in Django is to maintain compatibility with existing code that assumes everything runs in the same thread Certain libraries particularly database adapters require access from the same thread they were created in Additionally various Django code such as middleware adds information to a request for future use in views assuming it all executes in the same thread To ensure compatibility Django introduced the thread sensitive mode allowing existing synchronous code to run in the same thread and remain fully compatible with asynchronous mode Keep in mind that synchronous code will always execute in a different thread from the async code calling it Therefore it s important to avoid passing raw database handles or other thread sensitive references between them By providing these threading modes sync to async allows you to control the execution environment for your synchronous functions when used within an asynchronous context Async Views in DjangoAsync views in Django are a feature introduced in Django that allows you to define view functions as asynchronous coroutines using the async and await keywords This enables you to write non blocking asynchronous code within your view functions making it easier to handle long running operations perform I O operations without blocking the event loop and improve the overall responsiveness and scalability of your Django application Async views can be used with Django s request response cycle URL routing middleware and other features They can be integrated seamlessly with existing Django code and can coexist with traditional synchronous views within the same application It s important to note that async views are not suitable for every use case They are most effective when dealing with I O bound operations that can benefit from non blocking execution For CPU bound tasks where the performance gain from async execution is limited traditional synchronous views may still be a better choice You can use the async keyword to define an asynchronous view function This allows the function to be defined as an asynchronous coroutine and within the async view function you can use the await keyword to await the completion of asynchronous operations such as database queries API calls or other async functions Here s an example import httpxfrom django http import JsonResponseasync def my async view request try async with httpx AsyncClient as client response await client get response raise for status data response json except httpx HTTPError as e Handle the HTTP error return JsonResponse error str e status Process the data and return an HTTP response return JsonResponse data Async QuerysetsWhen writing asynchronous views or code in Django it s important to note that you cannot use the ORM in the same way as with synchronous code Calling blocking synchronous code from asynchronous code can lead to blocking the event loop So Django provides asynchronous query APIs that allow you to perform queries in an asynchronous manner These APIs offer asynchronous variants of blocking methods like get and delete such as aget and adelete Additionally when iterating over query results you can use asynchronous iteration async for instead of the regular iteration for Instead of relying on trial and error to find the asynchronous versions of ORM methods e g searching for an a prefixed version here s a more systematic approach Methods that return new querysets These methods which do not block do not have explicit asynchronous versions Methods that do not return querysets These methods which are blocking have corresponding asynchronous versions The documentation for each method specifies its asynchronous counterpart often following the pattern of adding an a prefix For example user await User objects filter username abc afirst The filter method in Django returns a queryset making it suitable for chaining within an asynchronous environment However the first method evaluates and returns a model instance which requires an asynchronous friendly approach To handle this we replace first with afirst and add the await keyword at the beginning of the expression to ensure proper asynchronous execution By utilizing these asynchronous query APIs you can safely perform database operations within your asynchronous views or code ensuring non blocking execution and efficient utilization of system resources However transactions do not yet work in async mode If you have a piece of code that needs transactions behavior you should write that piece as a single synchronous function and call it using sync to async as follows async def async view request sync to async sync db transaction transaction atomic def sync db transaction Best Practices for Async Development in DjangoWhen it comes to asynchronous development in Django there are several best practices you can follow to ensure efficient and effective handling of asynchronous tasks Use an asynchronous web server Django is primarily built to work with synchronous web servers like Gunicorn or uWSGI However for handling asynchronous requests efficiently it s recommended to use an asynchronous web server like Daphne or Uvicorn which can handle Django s asynchronous capabilities more effectively Choose the right async library Django provides support for asynchronous programming through the use of async views and middleware However you may also need to use external asynchronous libraries to handle specific tasks Some popular choices include asyncio aiohttp and httpx Choose the library that best fits your needs and integrates well with Django s asynchronous capabilities Utilize Django s async features Django has introduced asynchronous support in recent versions allowing you to define asynchronous views middleware and database operations Take advantage of these features where appropriate to improve the performance of your application Use asynchronous task queues For long running or resource intensive tasks consider offloading them to asynchronous task queues like Celery which integrates well with Django This allows you to process tasks asynchronously in the background freeing up your web server to handle more incoming requests Be mindful of thread safety When using asynchronous programming it s important to ensure thread safety Avoid sharing mutable objects between asynchronous tasks without proper synchronization Utilize thread safe data structures or locking mechanisms where necessary to prevent race conditions Optimize database queries Asynchronous views can significantly improve performance but inefficient database queries can still be a bottleneck Make sure to optimize your database queries by using appropriate indexes minimizing the number of queries and utilizing Django s ORM features like select related and prefetch related to minimize database round trips Monitor and profile your application Asynchronous programming can introduce new complexities and potential issues Monitor and profile your application to identify any performance bottlenecks resource leaks or unexpected behavior Tools like Django Debug Toolbar Django Silk or dedicated profiling libraries can assist in identifying and resolving these issues Write comprehensive tests Asynchronous code can be more challenging to test than synchronous code Make sure to write comprehensive tests that cover both the synchronous and asynchronous parts of your application Use testing frameworks like pytest asyncio or Django s built in testing utilities to write and execute your asynchronous tests Keep your codebase maintainable Asynchronous code can become complex quickly so it s important to follow good coding practices to keep your codebase maintainable Use clear and descriptive variable and function names follow consistent coding conventions and document any asynchronous code interfaces and behavior Remember that not all parts of your Django application need to be asynchronous Evaluate the specific use cases and tasks that can benefit from asynchronous processing and apply it judiciously It s also important to consider the trade offs of asynchronous programming such as increased complexity and potential debugging challenges ConclusionIn conclusion unlocking performance through asynchronous support in Django can be a game changer for your web applications By embracing async support in Django you can take your application s performance to new heights delivering faster responses handling more concurrent requests and providing a seamless user experience However it s crucial to carefully assess your application s specific needs and apply asynchronous programming where it provides the most significant benefits So dive into the world of asynchronous programming in Django and unlock the true potential of your applications Please feel free to share your experiences challenges or positive outcomes in the comments section below	2023-06-25 11:19:33
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