投稿時間:2023-07-03 22:21:22 RSSフィード2023-07-03 22:00 分まとめ(24件)

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IT	気になる、記になる…	au、5Gデータ使い放題プラン利用でAmazonプライム1年分が貰えるキャンペーンを開始	https://taisy0.com/2023/07/03/173579.html	amazon	2023-07-03 12:13:29
AWS	AWS	AWS アカウントへのサインインまたは AWS アカウントへのアクセスに関する問題が発生した場合の解決方法を教えてください。	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkjvEBynpsc	AWSアカウントへのサインインまたはAWSアカウントへのアクセスに関する問題が発生した場合の解決方法を教えてください。	2023-07-03 12:39:58
AWS	AWS	インスタンスがすべて停止しているのに EBS に課金される理由を教えてください。	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nI1D1dY80zg	インスタンスがすべて停止しているのにEBSに課金される理由を教えてください。	2023-07-03 12:39:43
AWS	AWS	Amazon S3 バケットで sync コマンドを実行したときに「エンドポイント URL に接続できませんでした」エラーをトラブルシューティングする方法を教えてください。	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNm7QmVkywA	AmazonSバケットでsyncコマンドを実行したときに「エンドポイントURLに接続できませんでした」エラーをトラブルシューティングする方法を教えてください。	2023-07-03 12:39:30
AWS	AWSタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	AWS案件の現場初日から学んだこと	https://qiita.com/clouda_AWS/items/8e9a80965cdeda81832e	黒田	2023-07-03 21:48:47
AWS	AWSタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	Cloudformationのカスタムリソースについて簡単解説	https://qiita.com/d_luke/items/dd61c66f893ac114252f	cloudformation	2023-07-03 21:29:13
AWS	AWSタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	AWSのEC2インスタンス内にインストールされたMySQLから指定のSELECT文結果を、CSVでS3に保存した話	https://qiita.com/WdknWdkn/items/cb60684b3a9329530c1a	mysql	2023-07-03 21:18:39
海外TECH	MakeUseOf	Best Robot Vacuum Deals Ahead of Prime Day	https://www.makeuseof.com/amazon-prime-day-robot-vacuum-deals/	vacuums	2023-07-03 12:35:29
海外TECH	MakeUseOf	The 7 Best Website Builders for Online Stores	https://www.makeuseof.com/online-store-website-builders/	builders	2023-07-03 12:31:17
海外TECH	MakeUseOf	How to Use TestFlight to Beta Test Apps on Your iPhone or iPad	https://www.makeuseof.com/how-to-use-testflight-to-beta-test-apps/	features	2023-07-03 12:16:18
海外TECH	DEV Community	Backend development is more than writing endpoints for frontend	https://dev.to/this-is-learning/backend-development-is-more-than-writing-endpoints-for-frontend-gl1	Backend development is more than writing endpoints for frontendBackend development is a crucial part of web development that involves creating and maintaining the logic functionality and data of a website or an application Backend developers are responsible for writing backend code that communicates with the frontend the server and the database They also ensure that the backend code is secure scalable reliable and efficient However backend development is not only writing API endpoints API endpoints are the interfaces that allow the frontend to interact with the backend and exchange data They are essential for any web application but they are not the only thing that backend developers need to know and do Choosing and using a backend programming language and frameworkWorking with databases and data structuresDesigning and implementing APIsManaging servers and hosting environmentsTesting and debugging backend codeCollaborating with frontend developers and other stakeholdersMessaging systemsSecurityCachingConclusion Choosing and using a backend programming language and frameworkOne of the first decisions that a backend developer needs to make is what programming language and framework to use for their project There are many options available such as NET Java Python PHP Ruby Node js Django Laravel Spring Boot Rails Express js and more Each of these languages and frameworks has its own advantages and disadvantages such as performance scalability popularity learning curve documentation community support etc A backend developer needs to choose a language and framework that suits their project requirements preferences and skills They also need to learn how to use them effectively and efficiently This involves mastering the syntax features libraries tools and best practices of their chosen language and framework They also need to keep up with the latest updates and trends in their field Some of the resources that can help a backend developer learn more about backend programming languages and frameworks are Skills to Become a Backend Developer in GeeksforGeeksTop Backend Developer Skills You Must Have InterviewBitBackend Developer Skills Definition and Examples IndeedBackend Developer Skills You need to Know Squareboat Working with databases and data structuresAnother important aspect of backend development is working with databases and data structures Databases are where the data of a website or an application is stored and retrieved Data structures are how the data is organized and manipulated in memory A backend developer needs to know how to design create query update and delete databases and data structures according to their project needs There are two main types of databases relational databases such as Microsoft SQL Server MySQL PostgreSQL Oracle and non relational databases such as MongoDB Cassandra Redis Relational databases store data in tables with predefined schemas and relationships Non relational databases store data in collections with flexible schemas and no fixed relationships Each type of database has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the use case A backend developer needs to choose a database that matches their project requirements such as scalability performance consistency availability etc They also need to learn how to use a database management system DBMS or an object relational mapping ORM tool to interact with their database A DBMS is a software that allows a backend developer to create manage and manipulate databases using a query language such as SQL Structured Query Language An ORM tool is a software that allows a backend developer to map their database tables to objects in their programming language using an abstraction layer Some of the resources that can help a backend developer learn more about databases and data structures are Database Management System DBMS GeeksforGeeksObject Relational Mapping ORM GeeksforGeeksSQL Tutorial WSchoolsNoSQL Tutorial WSchools Designing and implementing APIsAs mentioned earlier APIs Application Programming Interfaces are the interfaces that allow the frontend to interact with the backend and exchange data They are essential for any web application because they enable communication between different components of a system A backend developer needs to know how to design and implement APIs that are secure reliable efficient and easy to use There are different types of APIs such as RESTful APIs GraphQL APIs SOAP APIs etc RESTful APIs Representational State Transfer are the most common type of APIs that use HTTP methods such as GET POST PUT DELETE and JSON JavaScript Object Notation format to send and receive data GraphQL APIs Graph Query Language are a newer type of APIs that use a query language and a schema to define and fetch data SOAP APIs Simple Object Access Protocol are an older type of APIs that use XML Extensible Markup Language format and a protocol to exchange data A backend developer needs to choose an API type that suits their project needs such as flexibility performance complexity etc They also need to learn how to use an API framework or a library to create and manage their APIs An API framework or a library is a software that provides tools and features to simplify the development of APIs Some examples of API frameworks and libraries are Django REST Framework Flask RESTful Express js GraphQL js etc Some of the resources that can help a backend developer learn more about APIs are What is an API MuleSoftRESTful API Tutorial TutorialsPointGraphQL Tutorial How To GraphQLSOAP Tutorial TutorialsPoint Managing servers and hosting environmentsAnother aspect of backend development is managing servers and hosting environments Servers are the machines that run the backend code and handle the requests from the frontend Hosting environments are the places where the servers are located and accessed A backend developer needs to know how to configure deploy and maintain their servers and hosting environments according to their project needs There are different types of servers and hosting environments such as local servers cloud servers dedicated servers shared servers etc Local servers are the servers that run on the backend developer s own machine or network Cloud servers are the servers that run on a remote platform provided by a cloud service provider such as Microsoft Azure AWS Amazon Web Services Google Cloud Platform etc Dedicated servers are the servers that are rented by the backend developer from a hosting provider and used exclusively for their project Shared servers are the servers that are shared by multiple projects from different backend developers A backend developer needs to choose a server and a hosting environment that matches their project requirements such as cost scalability security reliability etc They also need to learn how to use a server management tool or a platform as a service PaaS to set up and manage their servers and hosting environments A server management tool or a PaaS is a software that provides features and functionalities to simplify the administration of servers and hosting environments Some examples of server management tools and PaaS are cPanel Heroku Firebase etc Some of the resources that can help a backend developer learn more about servers and hosting environments are What is a Server GeeksforGeeksWhat is Cloud Computing AWSWhat is Dedicated Hosting HostGatorWhat is Shared Hosting HostGator Testing and debugging backend codeAnother skill that a backend developer needs to have is testing and debugging their backend code Testing is the process of checking whether the backend code works as expected and meets the project specifications Debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors or bugs in the backend code A backend developer needs to know how to test and debug their backend code effectively and efficiently There are different types of testing methods and tools for backend development such as unit testing integration testing functional testing performance testing security testing etc Unit testing is the testing of individual components or functions of the backend code Integration testing is the testing of how different components or functions work together in the backend code Functional testing is the testing of whether the backend code fulfills the project requirements and user expectations Performance testing is the testing of how fast and responsive the backend code is under different loads and conditions Security testing is the testing of how secure and protected the backend code is from malicious attacks or unauthorized access A backend developer needs to choose a testing method and tool that suits their project needs such as quality assurance efficiency improvement error prevention etc They also need to learn how to use a testing framework or a library to create and run their tests A testing framework or a library is a software that provides features and functionalities to simplify the development of tests Some examples of testing frameworks and libraries are PyTest Mocha Jest etc Some of the resources that can help a backend developer learn more about testing and debugging are Software Testing GeeksforGeeksDebugging GeeksforGeeksPyTest Tutorial TutorialsPoint Collaborating with frontend developers and other stakeholdersOne of the skill that a backend developer needs to have is collaborating with frontend developers and other stakeholders Frontend developers are the ones who create and maintain the user interface and user experience of a website or an application Other stakeholders are the ones who have an interest or a role in the project such as clients users managers designers etc A backend developer needs to know how to communicate and cooperate with them effectively and efficiently Collaboration is essential for any web development project because it ensures that the project meets the expectations and needs of all the parties involved It also helps to avoid misunderstandings conflicts and errors in the project A backend developer needs to use various collaboration tools and techniques to facilitate their collaboration with frontend developers and other stakeholders such as Version control systems These are tools that allow multiple developers to work on the same code base without overwriting or losing each other s changes They also provide features such as branching merging committing pushing pulling etc to manage different versions of the code Some examples of version control systems are Git SVN Mercurial etc Code editors and IDEs These are tools that allow developers to write edit run and debug their code They also provide features such as syntax highlighting code completion code formatting code refactoring etc to improve the quality and readability of the code Some examples of code editors and IDEs are Visual Studio Code Sublime Text PyCharm Eclipse etc Code review tools These are tools that allow developers to review each other s code and provide feedback and suggestions for improvement They also provide features such as commenting rating approving rejecting etc to facilitate the code review process Some examples of code review tools are GitHub Bitbucket GitLab etc Communication tools These are tools that allow developers to communicate with each other and other stakeholders via text voice or video They also provide features such as chat rooms channels groups direct messages etc to organize and manage the communication Some examples of communication tools are Slack Discord Zoom Skype Microsoft Teams etc Project management tools These are tools that allow developers to plan track and manage their project tasks and progress They also provide features such as boards lists cards timelines calendars charts etc to visualize and monitor the project status Some examples of project management tools are Trello Asana Jira Azure DevOps GitHub etc Some of the resources that can help a backend developer learn more about collaboration tools and techniques are Version Control GeeksforGeeksCode Editors GeeksforGeeksCode Review GeeksforGeeksCommunication Skills GeeksforGeeksProject Management GeeksforGeeks Messaging systemsAnother skill that a backend developer needs to have is working with messaging systems Messaging systems are tools that enable asynchronous communication between different components of a system such as services applications devices etc They allow sending and receiving messages that contain data or commands without requiring a direct connection or a synchronous response Messaging systems are useful for backend development because they enable Decoupling Messaging systems reduce the dependencies and coupling between different components of a system making them more modular and flexible Scalability Messaging systems allow scaling up or down the number of components of a system without affecting the communication or performance Reliability Messaging systems provide features such as message persistence delivery guarantees retries acknowledgments etc to ensure that messages are delivered and processed correctly and reliably Performance Messaging systems improve the performance and responsiveness of a system by allowing parallel and concurrent processing of messages There are different types of messaging systems such as message brokers message queues message buses etc Message brokers are software that act as intermediaries between message producers and consumers They provide features such as routing filtering transforming aggregating etc to manage the flow of messages Message queues are data structures that store messages in a FIFO first in first out order until they are consumed They provide features such as buffering load balancing fault tolerance etc to handle the load of messages Message buses are software that connect different components of a system using a common communication channel They provide features such as broadcasting subscribing publishing etc to enable event driven communication A backend developer needs to choose a messaging system that suits their project needs such as latency throughput consistency availability etc They also need to learn how to use a messaging framework or a library to create and manage their messaging system A messaging framework or a library is a software that provides features and functionalities to simplify the development of messaging systems Some examples of messaging frameworks and libraries are Apache Qpid Apache ActiveMQ Artemis Apache Kafka etc Some of the resources that can help a backend developer learn more about messaging systems are Choosing the right asynchronous messaging infrastructure for the job Red Hat DeveloperUnderstanding the Architecture amp System Design of a Chat Application CometChatThe Top Backend Technologies to Learn in Boot dev SecurityAnother skill that a backend developer needs to have is ensuring the security of their backend code and data Security is the process of protecting the backend code and data from unauthorized access modification or disclosure It is essential for backend development because it ensures the confidentiality integrity and availability of the backend code and data Security involves various aspects such as Authentication Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or a component that tries to access the backend code or data It usually involves providing credentials such as username and password tokens certificates etc Authorization Authorization is the process of granting or denying access rights to the backend code or data based on the identity and role of a user or a component It usually involves defining policies and rules that specify what actions can be performed by whom on what resources Encryption Encryption is the process of transforming the backend code or data into an unreadable form using an algorithm and a key It usually involves encrypting data at rest in storage or in transit in communication to prevent unauthorized access or modification Hashing Hashing is the process of generating a fixed length string from the backend code or data using an algorithm It usually involves hashing passwords or other sensitive data to prevent storing them in plain text or comparing them without revealing them Logging Logging is the process of recording the events and activities that occur in the backend code or data It usually involves creating log files or records that contain information such as date time source destination action outcome etc Auditing Auditing is the process of reviewing and analyzing the logs and records that are created by the logging process It usually involves checking for anomalies errors violations or breaches in the backend code or data A backend developer needs to use various security tools and techniques to implement these aspects in their backend code and data Some examples of security tools and techniques are JSON Web Tokens JWT JWT are an open standard for creating and verifying tokens that contain claims or information about a user or a component They can be used for authentication and authorization purposes in RESTful APIs SSL TLS SSL Secure Sockets Layer and TLS Transport Layer Security are protocols that provide encryption and authentication for data in transit They can be used to secure the communication between the backend and the frontend or other components using HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure bcrypt bcrypt is a hashing algorithm that is designed to be slow and resistant to brute force attacks It can be used to hash passwords or other sensitive data before storing them in a database or comparing them for verification Logj Logj is a logging framework that provides features and functionalities to create and manage log files or records It can be used to log the events and activities that occur in the backend code or data ELK Stack ELK Stack is a combination of three open source tools Elasticsearch Logstash and Kibana Elasticsearch is a search and analytics engine that stores and indexes log data Logstash is a data processing pipeline that collects parses and transforms log data Kibana is a visualization and dashboard tool that displays and analyzes log data ELK Stack can be used to audit the logs and records that are created by the logging process Some of the resources that can help a backend developer learn more about security are Web Security GeeksforGeeksJSON Web Token Tutorial TutorialsPointSSL TLS Tutorial TutorialsPointbcrypt Tutorial TutorialsPointLogj Tutorial TutorialsPointELK Stack Tutorial TutorialsPoint CachingAnother skill that a backend developer needs to have is using caching techniques Caching is the process of storing frequently used or recently accessed data in a fast and temporary storage location such as memory or disk It is useful for backend development because it improves the performance and efficiency of the backend code and data Caching involves various aspects such as Cache types There are different types of caches such as application cache database cache web cache etc Application cache is the cache that is stored within the backend application itself such as variables arrays objects etc Database cache is the cache that is stored within the database system itself such as query results indexes etc Web cache is the cache that is stored outside the backend application or database system such as proxies CDNs Content Delivery Networks browsers etc Cache strategies There are different strategies for caching data such as cache aside read through write through write behind etc Cache aside is the strategy where the backend application checks the cache first before querying the database If the data is not in the cache it fetches it from the database and stores it in the cache for future use Read through is the strategy where the backend application queries the cache first before querying the database If the data is not in the cache it fetches it from the database and updates the cache automatically Write through is the strategy where the backend application writes data to both the cache and the database simultaneously Write behind is the strategy where the backend application writes data to the cache first and then asynchronously writes it to the database later Cache policies There are different policies for managing cached data such as LRU Least Recently Used LFU Least Frequently Used FIFO First In First Out etc LRU is the policy where the cached data that has not been accessed for the longest time is evicted first when the cache is full LFU is the policy where the cached data that has been accessed for the least number of times is evicted first when the cache is full FIFO is the policy where the cached data that has been stored for the longest time is evicted first when the cache is full A backend developer needs to use various caching tools and techniques to implement these aspects in their backend code and data Some examples of caching tools and techniques are Redis Redis is an open source in memory data structure store that can be used as a database cache or message broker It supports various data types such as strings lists sets hashes etc It also provides features such as replication transactions pub sub etc Memcached Memcached is an open source distributed memory caching system that can be used to speed up dynamic web applications by caching data and objects in memory It supports simple key value pairs and provides features such as sharding expiration etc Varnish Varnish is an open source web application accelerator that can be used to cache HTTP requests and responses between the backend and the frontend or other components It supports various protocols such as HTTP HTTPS WebSocket etc It also provides features such as load balancing compression caching policies etc Some of the resources that can help a backend developer learn more about caching are Caching GeeksforGeeksRedis Tutorial TutorialsPointMemcached Tutorial TutorialsPointVarnish Tutorial TutorialsPoint ConclusionBackend development is not only writing API endpoints It is a complex and challenging field that requires a variety of skills and tasks beyond creating interfaces for data exchange A backend developer needs to be proficient in backend programming languages and frameworks databases and data structures APIs design and implementation servers and hosting environments testing and debugging security messaging systems and caching By learning these skills and tasks a backend developer can create and maintain high quality backend code that powers the functionality and data of any web application Are you interested in learning GitHub but don t know where to start Try my course on LinkedIn Learning Learning GitHub Thanks for reading this post I hope you found it interesting Feel free to follow me to get notified when new articles are out Emanuele BartolesiFollow Microsoft MVP amp GitHub Star Auth Ambassador amp Codemotion Ambassador ‍LinkedIn Technical Instructor	2023-07-03 12:42:00
海外TECH	DEV Community	20 (Senior Developer) C# Interview Questions and Answers (2023)	https://dev.to/bytehide/20-senior-developer-c-interview-questions-and-answers-2023-3bjc	Senior Developer C Interview Questions and Answers  Greetings fellow C wizards Do you have what it takes to conquer the ultimate challenge Welcome to the grand finale of our C Interview Questions and Answers series If you ve made it this far you re a seasoned expert ready to showcase your skills Get ready to tackle the most difficult questions yet and prove your prowess in the world of C Let s dive in shall we Can you describe just in time compilation JIT in the context of C AnswerJust In Time JIT Compilation is a technique used by the NET runtime to provide significant performance improvements by compiling the Intermediate Language IL bytecode to native machine code at runtime Instead of pre compiling the entire code to native code before executing the JIT compiler optimizes and compiles only the required methods at runtime greatly reducing load times and memory usage The main benefits of JIT compilation in the context of C are Faster application startup Because only the necessary parts of the code are compiled the application starts up more quickly Better memory usage Unused IL bytecode is never converted to native code leading to lower memory usage Platform specific optimization Native code is generated specifically for the runtime platform allowing better optimization and performance The process followed by the JIT compiler in the context of C consists of three stages Loading the IL bytecodes The CLR loads the required IL bytecode of the method to be executed Compiling IL bytecodes to native code The JIT compiler compiles the IL bytecodes to native machine code Executing the native code The generated native code is executed What is the difference between a normal class property and a computed class property in C AnswerA normal class property is a simple property that holds a value and includes a getter and or a setter method These properties can be used to store and retrieve data for an object The setter is responsible for setting the property value and the getter is responsible for returning the property value A computed class property also known as a calculated property is a property that does not store any data but rather computes its value based on other property values within the class Computed properties only have a getter method which returns the calculated result and do not have a setter method Normal property public class Person public string FirstName get set public string LastName get set Computed property public class Person public string FirstName get set public string LastName get set public string FullName get return FirstName LastName In this example FullName is a computed property that returns the concatenated first name and last name How can you implement a custom awaitable type in C AnswerTo implement a custom awaitable type in C you need to follow these steps Create a class that represents the awaitable type Implement the INotifyCompletion interface in the class for notifying when the operation is complete Add a method named GetAwaiter that returns an instance of the class itself Implement the IsCompleted property in the class as part of the awaitable pattern Add a method named OnCompleted Action continuation to the class which takes an action that will be executed when the operation is complete Implement the GetResult method which will return the result of the asynchronous operation Here s an example of a custom awaitable type public class CustomAwaitable INotifyCompletion private bool isCompleted public CustomAwaitable GetAwaiter gt this public bool IsCompleted gt isCompleted public void OnCompleted Action continuation Task Delay ContinueWith t gt isCompleted true continuation Invoke public int GetResult gt Why would you use the System Reflection namespace and how does it relate to C AnswerSystem Reflection is a namespace in NET that provides functionality to obtain type information metadata about classes objects and assemblies at runtime It allows developers to inspect and interact with the code in a dynamic manner providing the ability to Examine type information such as properties fields events and methods Create and manipulate instances of objects Invoke methods and access fields properties on instances Discover and examine attributes applied to types and members Load and interact with assemblies The following example demonstrates using System Reflection to get information about a class s type and its methods using System using System Reflection class Example static void Main Type myType typeof DemoClass MethodInfo myMethods myType GetMethods BindingFlags Public BindingFlags Instance BindingFlags DeclaredOnly Console WriteLine The methods in the DemoClass are foreach MethodInfo method in myMethods Console WriteLine method Name class DemoClass public void Method public void Method public void Method What are expression trees in C and how can they be used AnswerExpression trees in C are a data structure that represents code specifically Expressions in a tree like format where each node is an object that represents a part of the expression Expression trees enable developers to inspect manipulate or interpret code in a structured way at runtime They allow operations such as modification compilation and execution of the expressed code Expression trees are mainly used in scenarios such as Building dynamic LINQ queries for data manipulation Dynamic code generation for performance critical code paths Serialization and deserialization of expression trees Analyzing lambda expressions for parallelism or converting them to another form Here s an example of creating an expression tree for a simple lambda expression using System using System Linq Expressions class Program static void Main Expression lt Func lt int int int gt gt addExpression a b gt a b Access the expression tree structure for examination or manipulation BinaryExpression body BinaryExpression addExpression Body ParameterExpression left ParameterExpression body Left ParameterExpression right ParameterExpression body Right Console WriteLine Expression left Name right Name Compile the expression tree to a delegate to execute it Func lt int int int gt addFunc addExpression Compile int result addFunc Console WriteLine Result result What is the real world use case for the yield keyword in C AnswerThe yield keyword in C is used in iterator methods to create a stateful iterator and return a sequence of values on the fly without storing the entire sequence in memory It generates a custom implementation of the IEnumerator lt T gt interface based on the code in the iterator method and remembers the current execution state between MoveNext calls This lazy evaluation of the iterator improves memory usage and performance especially for large or infinite sequences Real world use cases for the yield keyword include Implementing custom collections or sequences that need to support foreach iteration Generating an infinite sequence of values or a sequence that should not be stored in memory Processing large data sets or streaming data incrementally without consuming a lot of memory Here s an example demonstrating the use of the yield keyword for generating an infinite sequence of even numbers using System using System Collections Generic class Program static void Main foreach int evenNumber in GenerateEvenNumbers if evenNumber gt break Console WriteLine evenNumber public static IEnumerable lt int gt GenerateEvenNumbers int number while true yield return number number Explain the role of the volatile keyword in C AnswerThe volatile keyword in C is applied to fields to indicate that they can be accessed by multiple threads and that the field s value may change unexpectedly due to optimizations performed by the NET runtime or underlying hardware When a field is marked as volatile the compiler and the runtime will not reorder or cache its read and write operations ensuring that the most recent value is always read and that writes are immediately visible to other threads This provides a memory barrier forcing atomic read and write operations and preventing unexpected side effects due to optimizations The volatile keyword should be used in scenarios where multiple threads must access a shared field and proper synchronization is required to maintain the consistency of data Here s an example demonstrating the use of a volatile variable using System using System Threading class VolatileExample private static volatile bool shouldTerminate false static void Main Thread workerThread new Thread Worker workerThread Start Console ReadLine shouldTerminate true workerThread Join static void Worker int counter while shouldTerminate counter Console WriteLine Terminated after iterations counter In this example the shouldTerminate field is used to signal the worker thread when to terminate Marking it as volatile ensures that the worker thread will see the updated value immediately What are weak references and when would you use them in C AnswerIn C weak references are references to objects that aren t strong enough to prevent these objects from being garbage collected They allow you to maintain a reference to an object as long as the object is alive in memory but without preventing garbage collection GC from reclaiming the object when memory pressure increases With weak references you can access the object as long as it s still in memory but it will not prevent the GC from collecting the object if required Weak references are useful in scenarios where you want to hold a reference to a large object for caching purposes but do not want to prevent the object from being garbage collected if the memory pressure increases This allows for more efficient memory management especially when working with large data sets or in memory caches To use a weak reference in C you create an instance of the WeakReference or WeakReference lt T gt class Here s an example demonstrating the usage of a weak reference using System class Program static void Main WeakReference lt MyLargeObject gt weakReference new WeakReference lt MyLargeObject gt new MyLargeObject MyLargeObject largeObject if weakReference TryGetTarget out largeObject The object is still in memory so we can use it Console WriteLine Using the large object else The object has been garbage collected so we need to recreate it Console WriteLine The large object has been garbage collected largeObject new MyLargeObject class MyLargeObject private byte data new byte A large object consuming memory In this example if the GC decides to reclaim the memory used by the MyLargeObject instance the weakReference TryGetTarget call returns false Otherwise the largeObject will remain accessible through the weak reference Describe how to implement a custom attribute in C AnswerTo implement a custom attribute in C you follow these steps Create a class that derives from the System Attribute class Add properties fields or methods to the class as required to store metadata Apply the attribute to elements in your code such as classes methods or properties by using the attribute syntax Here s an example of creating and using a custom attribute in C using System AttributeUsage AttributeTargets Class AttributeTargets Method public class CustomAttribute Attribute private string description public CustomAttribute string description description description public string Description gt description Custom This is a custom attribute applied to the example class class ExampleClass Custom This is a custom attribute applied to the example method public void ExampleMethod In this example we created a custom attribute called CustomAttribute with a description property We applied it to the ExampleClass and its ExampleMethod The AttributeUsage attribute is used to limit the targets to which the custom attribute can be applied Explain the concept of memory efficient array handling in C using ArraySegment AnswerThe ArraySegment lt T gt structure in C provides a memory efficient way of handling arrays by allowing you to work with a segment of an existing array This is useful in scenarios where you need to process a portion of a large array and want to avoid memory overhead caused by creating new subarrays The ArraySegment lt T gt structure represents a contiguous range of elements within an array and provides properties such as Array Offset and Count to access the underlying array and the segment boundaries Here s an example that demonstrates the use of ArraySegment lt T gt for memory efficient array processing using System class Program static void Main int largeArray new int ArraySegment lt int gt segment new ArraySegment lt int gt largeArray PrintArraySegment segment static void PrintArraySegment ArraySegment lt int gt segment int array segment Array for int i segment Offset i lt segment Offset segment Count i Console WriteLine array i In this example an ArraySegment lt int gt object is created to represent a portion of the largeArray The PrintArraySegment method processes the array segment without creating a new subarray thus reducing memory overhead What is the Roslyn Compiler Platform and how does it relate to C AnswerThe Roslyn Compiler Platform is a set of open source compilers code analysis APIs and code refactoring tools developed by Microsoft for C and Visual Basic NET VB NET languages Roslyn exposes a powerful code analysis and transformation API allowing developers to create more advanced static code analyzers code fixers and refactoring tools Roslyn s relation to C It provides the default C compiler which transforms C code into Microsoft Intermediate Language MSIL code It offers a modern C language service implementation for Visual Studio It lets developers take advantage of the code analysis and manipulation APIs for deeper code insights and generation It supports advanced features of modern C versions like pattern matching expression bodied members and async await constructs Explain the concept of duck typing and how it can be achieved in C AnswerDuck typing refers to a programming concept in which the type of an object is determined by its behavior methods and properties rather than its explicit class or inheritance hierarchy In other words duck typing is based on the principle “If it looks like a duck swims like a duck and quacks like a duck then it probably is a duck C is a statically typed language which means duck typing is not directly supported by the language However you can achieve a form of duck typing in C using dynamic keyword or reflection Using dynamic keyword public void MakeDuckSwim dynamic duck duck Swim But it s important to note that using dynamic may bring performance overhead and you lose some compile time safety Errors will occur at runtime if the method or property doesn t exist on the object What is the difference between GetHashCode and Equals methods in C AnswerGetHashCode and Equals methods are members of the System Object class the base class for all objects in C They are used to compare objects for equality and serve different purposes GetHashCode This method returns an integer hash code representation of the object It is primarily used by hashing based collections like Dictionary HashSet How To C HashSet Tutorial From A to Z etc to optimize the object s lookup and storage When implementing this method you should make sure objects considered equal have the same hash code value Equals This method checks whether two objects are equal in their content It uses their data members to determine equality By default the Equals method will compare object references but it can be overridden to provide custom comparison logic based on the actual object content like comparing properties When you override the Equals method you should also override the GetHashCode method to maintain consistency between the two methods ensuring objects that are considered equal have the same hash code Explain the concept of unmanaged resources in C and how they can be managed AnswerUnmanaged resources are those not directly controlled by the NET runtime such as file handles network connections database connections and other system resources Because the NET runtime s garbage collector does not manage them developers must handle such resources explicitly to avoid resource leaks or potential application instability To manage unmanaged resources properly you can Implement the IDisposable interface in your class which uses unmanaged resources The IDisposable interface provides a Dispose method for cleaning up unmanaged resources public class FileWriter IDisposable private FileStream fileStream public FileWriter string fileName fileStream new FileStream fileName FileMode Create public void Dispose if fileStream null fileStream Dispose fileStream null Use the using statement to ensure the Dispose method is called automatically when the object goes out of scope using FileWriter writer new FileWriter file txt Do some operations In this example the Dispose method will be called automatically when the using block is exited ensuring proper cleanup of the unmanaged resources Describe parallel programming support in C and its benefits AnswerParallel programming support in C is provided by the System Threading System Threading Tasks and System Collections Concurrent namespaces These parallel execution features allow developers to write applications that leverage modern multi core and multi processor hardware for better performance and responsiveness Key parallel programming features in C Task Parallel Library TPL Provides a high level abstraction for executing tasks concurrently simplifying the parallelism work like managing threads synchronization and exception handling Parallel LINQ PLINQ A parallel execution version of standard LINQ enabling developers to easily parallelize data intensive query operations efficiently Concurrent Collections Collections like ConcurrentDictionary ConcurrentQueue ConcurrentBag and ConcurrentStack provide thread safe data structures to help manage shared state in parallel applications Benefits of parallel programming in C Improved performance by taking advantage of multi core and multi processor systems Increased responsiveness by executing time consuming tasks concurrently without blocking the UI thread Simplified parallel programming through high level abstractions provided by TPL and PLINQ Better utilization of system resources leading to more efficient scalable applications How do you perform compile time code generation in C and what are the benefits AnswerCompile time code generation in C can be achieved using Source Generators which are introduced in C and NET Source Generators are components that run during compilation and can inspect analyze and generate additional C source code to be compiled alongside the original code A Source Generator is a separate assembly containing one or more classes implementing the ISourceGenerator interface Visual Studio and the NET build system will discover Source Generators with the appropriate project references and will run them during the compilation process Benefits of compile time code generation Improved performance Code generation at compile time reduces runtime overhead Code reduction Automatically generating repetitive or boilerplate code reduces the code a developer needs to write and maintain Security Generated code is verified and secured before runtime preventing security vulnerabilities arising from runtime code generation Extensibility Source Generators enable the creation of advanced libraries and frameworks which can further enhance and optimize code generation and manipulation What is stackalloc in C and when should it be used AnswerIn C stackalloc is a keyword that allows you to allocate a block of memory on the stack int block stackalloc int Normally when we work with arrays in C they are created on the heap This introduces a level of overhead as memory must be allocated and then garbage collected when the object is no longer in use When dealing with large arrays or high performance code the impact of this can sometimes be significant The stackalloc keyword bypasses this by creating the array directly on the stack This has major implications Performance Generally allocating memory on the stack is faster than allocating it on the heap There s no need to worry about garbage collection as the memory will be automatically reclaimed when the method exits This makes it highly efficient for small arrays Memory Limit The stack is a far more limited resource compared to the heap The exact size depends on settings and other factors but it s typically in the region of MB This makes stackalloc unsuitable for larger arrays Lifespan Memory allocated on the heap can exist as long as your application does whereas memory allocated on the stack only exists until the end of the current method Any attempt to work with stack allocated memory outside of this will lead to issues The typical use cases for stackalloc are high performance scenarios that involve relatively small arrays such as graphical or mathematical operations Be aware that improper use can easily lead to stack overflows causing your application to crash Consider using stackalloc if the following cases are true You have a small array typically few hundred elements max The array is local to your method and doesn t need to be returned or passed elsewhere The overhead of garbage collection has a significant impact on performance in your use case Here is an example of using stackalloc unsafe int fib stackalloc int fib fib for int i i lt i fib i fib i fib i Console WriteLine fib Prints fibonacci number at position Please note that stackalloc uses unsafe code so you must compile with the unsafe switch Explain the Tuple class and its use case in C AnswerThe Tuple Tuples in C Full Guide class in C represents a fixed size immutable collection of heterogeneously typed elements It s part of the System namespace and provides a simple way to group objects without defining custom domain specific classes Tuples are useful in scenarios where you need to return multiple values from a method or store or pass around data without creating a specific data structure Example of using Tuple public Tuple lt int string gt GetPersonInfo int age string name John return Tuple Create age name var personInfo GetPersonInfo Console WriteLine Name personInfo Item Age personInfo Item In C tuples were improved with the introduction of ValueTuple ValueTuples are struct based instead of class based tuples that allow named elements and other enhancements public int Age string Name GetPersonInfo int age string name John return age name var personInfo GetPersonInfo Console WriteLine Name personInfo Name Age personInfo Age What are local functions in C and how can they be used AnswerLocal functions introduced in C are functions defined within the scope of another method They enable you to declare a helper function inside the method that needs it keeping the helper function private and avoiding clutter in the class level namespace Local functions offer advantages like Better organization and encapsulation of functionality Access to the containing method s variables allowing them to share state easily Limited accessibility as local functions are not visible outside their containing method Example of a local function public int CalculateSum int numbers Local function int Add int a int b return a b int sum foreach int number in numbers sum Add sum number return sum In this example the Add local function is only visible within the CalculateSum method and can access the local variables e g sum of the containing method Explain the concept of marshaling in NET and its application in C AnswerMarshaling is the process of converting the types objects and data structures of one runtime environment to another especially in the context of communication between managed NET code and unmanaged native code Marshaling is widely used in NET when you want to interact with components developed in other programming languages operating systems or hardware and software platforms e g COM Win API or other third party libraries In C marshaling is facilitated by the System Runtime InteropServices namespace providing required attributes methods and structures to Define the layout of structures and unions in memory Map managed types to unmanaged types Specify calling conventions for unmanaged functions Allocate and deallocate unmanaged memory Example of using marshaling in C using System using System Runtime InteropServices class Program Import Win MessageBox function DllImport user dll CharSet CharSet Unicode public static extern int MessageBox IntPtr hWnd String text String caption uint type static void Main MessageBox IntPtr Zero Hello World C Message Box In this example we import the MessageBox function from the user dll native library using the DllImport attribute This enables the managed C code to call the unmanaged Win MessageBox function The marshaling process will handle the conversion of string values and other necessary data types when calling the unmanaged function Congratulations on completing the most challenging level of our C Interview Questions and Answers series You ve faced the toughest questions and emerged victorious But don t let your journey end here my coding connoisseurStay connected and follow our content for more exciting adventures in the realm of C Remember the learning never stops Keep coding keep growing and keep pushing your limits What s next on your coding conquest The choice is yours	2023-07-03 12:23:49
Apple	AppleInsider - Frontpage News	Coconut Point Apple Store renovation may grow tiniest store	https://appleinsider.com/articles/23/07/03/coconut-point-apple-store-renovation-may-grow-tiniest-store?utm_medium=rss	Coconut Point Apple Store renovation may grow tiniest storeApple s Coconut Point store in Florida one of the smallest Apple Store locations has closed for renovations ーand possibly an expansion Coconut Point Apple Store renovations left Jacob Eberhart and Apple s store listing photo right The Coconut Point Apple Store is one of the smallest of Apple s outlets in the world However it may lose that claim in the future depending on how Apple renovates the storefront Read more	2023-07-03 12:56:54
海外TECH	Engadget	Twitter's apps are breaking following Elon Musk's decision to cap tweet rates	https://www.engadget.com/twitters-apps-are-breaking-following-elon-musks-decision-to-cap-tweet-rates-125028807.html?src=rss	Twitter x s apps are breaking following Elon Musk x s decision to cap tweet ratesOver the last few days Twitter not only stopped showing tweets unless you re logged in but also started capping the number of tweets users can ready each quot rate limiting quot ーostensibly due to quot data scraping quot according to Elon Musk Those actions are starting to have an impact elsewhere across Twitter s ecosystem with many users reporting that Tweetdeck a power user version of Twitter no longer works In addition Google Search is reportedly showing up to percent fewer Twitter URLs due to the logged in requirement Search Engine Roundtable reported nbsp For a lot of users including Engadget Tweetdeck effectively stopped functioning just showing a spinning wheel above most columns That may be because a bug in Twitter s web app is sending requests in an infinite loop effectively creating a quot self DDOS quot distributed denial of service Waxy reported As researcher Molly White tweeted that effect is multiplied in Tweetdeck for anything other than the quot Home quot column as it keeps quot repeatedly retrying s quot she wrote nbsp twitter s self DDoS is worse with tweetdeck pic twitter com krcLhjnsAーMolly White mollyxFFF July It s possible to at least get your columns to show up by using a new beta version of Tweetdeck as Engadget s Matt Brian tweeted However those columns are still subject to the rate limits tweets for non Twitter Blue subscribers and so most users will stop seeing new tweets shortly after Tweetdeck loads On top of that Google Search may be showing up to percent fewer Twitter URLs following Musk s move to block unregistered users Using the site command Search Engine Roundtable s Barry Schwartz found that Google now has about percent fewer Twitter URLs in its index than it did on Friday It s still showing recent tweets in the Search carousel but normal indexing seems to be broken at the moment quot Not that a site command is the best measure but Twitter is down around million indexed pages so far since this change quot Schwartz tweeted nbsp There s no confirmation that the quot self DDOS quot theory is accurate but a post from developer Sheldon Chang on Mastodon indicated that shutting off anonymous access to Twitter may be playing a role in the issues Twitter has promised that the login requirement and rate limiting are quot temporary quot but has yet to give a date for eliminating those restrictions nbsp This article originally appeared on Engadget at	2023-07-03 12:50:28
海外TECH	Engadget	Blue Origin is planning to open new launch sites outside the US	https://www.engadget.com/blue-origin-is-planning-to-open-new-launch-sites-outside-the-us-122518232.html?src=rss	Blue Origin is planning to open new launch sites outside the USThe billionaire space race is continuing to expand across the globe Jeff Bezos owned Blue Origin has announced plans to expand its operations to quot Europe and beyond quot the Financial Times reports Part of this growth hinges on finding a site for an international launch facility ーthe company has already put down roots in Texas Washington Florida and Alabama ーbut the new location hasn t been chosen yet It s also actively looking for fresh acquisitions and partnerships outside of the US in areas such as manufacturing and software quot We re looking for anything we can do to acquire to scale up to better serve our customers quot Bob Smith Blue Origin CEO said quot It s not a function of size ーrather how much it accelerates our road map of what we re trying to get done quot Last year Blue Origins bought New York based Honeybee Robotics a move that appears successful The space based robotics company was part of the Blue Origin team that recently received billion to build the lunar lander for NASA s third Artemis mission Blue Origin s biggest competitor Elon Musk s SpaceX is handling the first and second Artemis moon landings Though Blue Origin was the first to launch land and reuse a rocket successfully it has fallen behind its rival due to hold ups with building its launchers Blue Origin s plans for a more global footprint might help them catch up with SpaceX s progress Amazon s Project Kuiper also plans to use Blue Origin s rocket New Glenn for at least launches between and after a few years of delays This article originally appeared on Engadget at	2023-07-03 12:25:18
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