投稿時間:2021-10-09 00:35:28 RSSフィード2021-10-09 00:00 分まとめ(38件)

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IT	気になる、記になる…	Microsoft、｢Surface Laptop 4｣の最大27,500円オフセールを開催中 − ｢Surface Pro 7｣と｢Surface Go 2｣の在庫処分セールも	https://taisy0.com/2021/10/08/147173.html	microsoft	2021-10-08 14:02:44
IT	ITmedia 総合記事一覧	[ITmedia ビジネスオンライン] JR東日本が地域の食文化を伝えるイベント開催　新幹線の輸送サービスを活用	https://www.itmedia.co.jp/business/articles/2110/08/news079.html	itmedia	2021-10-08 23:16:00
AWS	lambdaタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	AWS Step Functions のステート定義におけるリトライの書き方	https://qiita.com/Ryo_Inoko/items/32b9b0eb2447e3e9a12c	指数バックオフによるリトライリトライ間隔秒初回のみリトライ回数n回バックオフレート秒こちらは通常のリトライとは異なり、リトライ回数が増えるごとに、リトライ間隔が増えていきます。	2021-10-08 23:18:05
js	JavaScriptタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	【HTML】戻るボタンの実装方法	https://qiita.com/yusuke___web/items/9112a96f30b76750e0c4	【HTML】戻るボタンの実装方法はじめに戻るボタンを実装する機会はかなり多いと思うのですが、そのときのための備忘録として残しておきます。	2021-10-08 23:44:57
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	【絞込機能】子要素が空の時、親要素を非表示にする	https://teratail.com/questions/363511?rss=all	【絞込機能】子要素が空の時、親要素を非表示にする前提・実現したいこと初学者です。	2021-10-08 23:59:59
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	c#でレジストリの検索	https://teratail.com/questions/363510?rss=all	表示	2021-10-08 23:46:09
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	気づけばプロ並みPHP②　商品を二つ登録するとエラーがでる	https://teratail.com/questions/363509?rss=all	気づけばプロ並みPHP②商品を二つ登録するとエラーがでる前提・実現したいこと気づけばプロ並みPHPのchapterPからpで躓いています。	2021-10-08 23:34:16
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	macのターミナルでのエラー「Could not find 'ffi' (>= 1.3.0)…」	https://teratail.com/questions/363508?rss=all	macのターミナルでのエラー「Couldnotfindxffixgt…」前提・実現したいことCocoaPodsを使用するためmacのターミナルを使用していたところ、エラーが発生し「gemnbsppristinenbspffinbspversionnbsp」を勧められました。	2021-10-08 23:16:25
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	javascriptでjsonの存在をチェックしたい	https://teratail.com/questions/363507?rss=all	javascriptでjsonの存在をチェックしたいjavascriptでjsonの特定の場所にキーが存在するかを確認し無ければ配列をずらしスキップするコードとして以下を作成しました。	2021-10-08 23:05:34
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	スマホのメニューが開かない	https://teratail.com/questions/363506?rss=all	スマホのメニューが開かない↓こちらのサイトのスマホメニューで、トグルが開かなくなり困っております。	2021-10-08 23:02:34
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	inputでリスト内の要素を複数個手入力することはできますか？	https://teratail.com/questions/363505?rss=all	inputでリスト内の要素を複数個手入力することはできますかhogenbspnbspapplenbspnbspnbspbaseballnbspといったリストを作るうえで、appleからまでのつの要素を手動でinputで入れたいのですが、可能ですかappleとテキストボックスに入れてEnter、とテキストボックスに入れてEnterつの要素を入れたら自動的に終わりではなく、あらゆる要素数のリストに対応できるよう、特定の文字列を入力したら手入力を終わりリストを完成させるようにしたいです。	2021-10-08 23:02:17
Ruby	Rubyタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	リクエストとレスポンスについて！	https://qiita.com/TAKAHIRO__k/items/72b0120a878dfe671c72		2021-10-08 23:39:30
AWS	AWSタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	AWS Step Functions のステート定義におけるリトライの書き方	https://qiita.com/Ryo_Inoko/items/32b9b0eb2447e3e9a12c	指数バックオフによるリトライリトライ間隔秒初回のみリトライ回数n回バックオフレート秒こちらは通常のリトライとは異なり、リトライ回数が増えるごとに、リトライ間隔が増えていきます。	2021-10-08 23:18:05
Azure	Azureタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	Azure Data Factory (Synapse Pipelines)のMapping DataflowがSynapseにシンクする際に利用するメソッド	https://qiita.com/ryoma-nagata/items/98c08280cbeb1cc3111f	データフローのスクリプトの中に「allowCopyCommandtrue」が含まれている場合、COPYコマンドが使用されます。	2021-10-08 23:01:01
Ruby	Railsタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	リクエストとレスポンスについて！	https://qiita.com/TAKAHIRO__k/items/72b0120a878dfe671c72		2021-10-08 23:39:30
技術ブログ	Mercari Engineering Blog	ソウゾウのソフトウェアエンジニア選考ガイドを公開しました	https://engineering.mercari.com/blog/entry/20211008-8af25bfad6/	hellip	2021-10-08 14:28:30
技術ブログ	Developers.IO	AWS ParallelCluster コンピュートノードのSTATEをdown状態からidleへ強制的に戻すときの対処方法	https://dev.classmethod.jp/articles/aws-parallelcluster-force-state-change/	awsparallelcluster	2021-10-08 14:33:45
海外TECH	DEV Community	Ship / Show / Ask With Reviewpad	https://dev.to/reviewpad/ship-show-ask-with-reviewpad-47jh	Ship Show Ask With ReviewpadShip Show Ask is a methodology to get faster releases with pull requests With Reviewpad you get a code review platform that allows teams to naturally apply this methodology and extend it to new scenarios that give you greater velocity and team communication by going beyond pull requests Pull requests have been widely adopted by software teams as a way to collaborate in codebases For all their benefits when contributing to open source projects when it comes to projects where individual contributors have the power to merge their changes pull requests slow software development Pull Requests Are Slowing You DownThe first reason pull requests are slowing you down is that theyare being used to document developer work If you need to open a pull request for every change regardless of whether it is a new feature or a cosmetic change in a file inevitably pull requests will be a bottleneck to integrate changes into a product When you associate “pull request to “unit of dev work and combine it with automated CI CD pipelines you get an overhead of time resources that doesn t always make sense in a fast paced environment The second reason why pull requests are slowing you down is that we have associated code reviews with pull requests to a degree that we now use them interchangeably The truth is that not all pull requests need code reviews By enforcing processes such as “every pull request must be approved by a team member which is not aware of the actual changes we have created a wait time in the process that is unreasonable in many situations This coupling of code reviews with pull requests has another major pitfall Because reviewing code is hard and the tooling around code reviews in pull requests is quite limited it is standard to constraint the number of changes in a pull request This means that changes that should be pushed together have to be broken up to accommodate this process Ship Show AskShip Show Ask is a methodology to get faster releases by categorising changes into Ship merge without pull request Show merge with pull request later review and Ask standard pull request with review approval This methodology is powerful but still relies on the existence of pull requests This limits you to always having to discuss changes between branches and trigger some automated process even when you just want to ask It can also happen that you might need to do a later review but the changes were wrongly classified as Ship We think there s a better way Code Reviews without Pull RequestsReviewpad decouples code reviews from pull requests so that you fully embrace the idea that not all pull requests need code reviews and that code reviews can be done without pull requests Let s take a look Reviewpad Creating a Review Between CommitsWith Reviewpad it is possible to practice the Ship Show Ask methodology in a more flexible way In fact what we have been practicing at Reviewpad is a Ship Show Ask Revise methodology ShipIf you want to push a change to the main branch and you have the confidence to do so you should just do it You shouldn t have to wait for the CI checks or a review approval on a pull request to do so Anyway you typically run some CI pipeline in the main branch so you can always backtrack if something goes terribly wrong You should have the power and trust to simply push changes ShowA Show process is when you run the CI checks over a branch before the merge merge and only later get a review Although you can do this with a pull request with Reviewpad there is really no need to do so You can simply wait for the CI pipeline to finish when you push to a feature branch merge and then open a code review between those commits in the main branch You can choose to open this code review to get later feedback between the branches or in the main branch itself AskThe Ask process happens when you want feedback on our ongoing work Here we pause We make our changes on a branch we open a Pull Request and we wait for feedback before merging Maybe we re not sure we ve taken the right approach Unfortunately for many developers the idea of a pull request is more of a “work done than a “work in progress In fact mixing the two can be quite confusing because sometimes you just want early feedback on code that you know will not pass the CI checks Reviewpad allows you to create a code review between commits to get that feedback revise it close this code review and then open a pull request kicking off the official merge process in a team That encourages more collaboration and communication about the code You can use the same code review interface regardless if you what you are reviewing is a pull request or just a diff between two commits ReviseSo what happens if you want to revise some code that went into the main branch This could be useful in the case of a huge load of pull requests with no time to review them or because you wrongly considered changes to be in “Ship mode By going beyond the limitation of reviewing code with pull requests you can revise code in a single branch This allows you to create code reviews that document specific parts of the code or to keep track of changes when you spend some time away from the project If you find issues in this mode you can always connect to the code host by creating issues from comments Reviewpad Creating an issue from a comment ConclusionWith Reviewpad you get a tool that provides the flexibility of new methodologies such as Ship Show Ask and beyond so that you can get the full benefits of code reviews and continuous integration without the limitations of pull requests You can try now at beta reviewpad com	2021-10-08 14:36:42
海外TECH	DEV Community	Easiest way to create a ChatBOT from Level 0	https://dev.to/silvenleaf/easiest-way-to-create-a-chatbot-from-level-0-31pf	Easiest way to create a ChatBOT from Level Wondering how to create a freakin livin alive an kickin Chatbot with XP Then fear not my Brave Dev here we go onto conquering the kingdom of chatbots Yay Who s excited Step Begin the projectWell as all amazing stories init from the village of npm init Let s init our adventure Create a folder open it in your beloved editor mine VS Code Then type the following commands on your terminalnpm init y It ll create package json file to track all the packages you d download and so on Now create an app ts file let the adventure begin Step Create the Server and APILet s create the API where the bot will live You can use anything restify hapi loopback express or anything I m goin with express Why Because it s express y haha For those who are a bit lost on how to create an express server with typescript check this one outHow to Create a TypeScript Project with ExpressJS the Simplest Way In short for details checkout above link install packagesnpm i typescript ts node express types node types express init tsconfig make sure you already have typescript globally installed if not type npm i g typescript And don t get it confused with the previous normal npm i typescript etc etc tsc initcreate server on our app ts fileimport express Request Response from express firing express appconst app express app use express json app use express urlencoded extended false routesapp get api messages request Request response Response gt this is where our bot will live after her birth console log request url response json message Welcome to the home of the bot Listenconst PORT process env PORT app listen PORT gt console log Server running on PORT PORT To test out our server run ts node app ts and go to localhost api messages Step Let s create our BOTLet s create our bot now First create a file named bot ts Here is where we will build our sweet little bot But first of all we need the packages and tools to build our bot So let s get them from our inventory with npm Type the following command to install the core SDK packages npm i botbuilderNow the fun stuff finally let s create the bot in the bot ts file import TurnContext from botbuilder THE BOTexport default class SillyBot constructor onTurn method is the CORE method that starts the bot all root bot logics go inside it anything you want your bot to do mainly go inside it It will be fired on that API endpoint async onTurn context TurnContext if context activity type message users can do many things to our sweet bot here we are only interested if the user sent a message to it await context sendActivity You said context activity text what message user sent to the bot is inside this context activity text property for those sweetest mates who are curious console log context to explore wonders Holy cheese and crackers Yippie We just made our very first bot Well not yet pretty boy or girl Yes we created it but it s not in its rightful home right I mean it s not living on that api endpoint where it was supposed to be Let s go place her to her rightful home or api I mean Well anywayOpen app ts and let s create a bot instance remember the bot we created was a class And we all know about our classical classes const mySillyBot new SillyBot Haha now a bot was created from that bot creator machine Now let s create an adapter What an adapter you ask It s the Personal Assistant PA for our silly little bot who this PA will pass her our bot request and response objects from that api so that she our bot can do whatever she does Also one more thing why do we need a PA for our bot Well pretty simple answer firstly our bot is silly and being a father or a mother we don t want her to be alone feeling sad in that lonely apartment So let her older sister Miss adapter accompany her and help her with her tasks Creating an adapter and placing our bot on that APIimport BotFrameworkAdapter TurnContext from botbuilder creating an adapterconst adapter new BotFrameworkAdapter appId appPassword the botconst mySillyBot SillyBot new SillyBot routesapp post api messages request Request response Response gt this is where our bot will live after her birth console log request url adapter processActivity request response async context TurnContext gt await mySillyBot onTurn context our bot is now listening on this API endpoint IMPORTANT NOTE We replaced GET app get with POST app post for securing our bot apiAfter all those changes our app ts looks like this nowimport express Request Response from express import BotFrameworkAdapter TurnContext from botbuilder import SillyBot from bot firing express appconst app express app use express json app use express urlencoded extended false creating an adapterconst adapter new BotFrameworkAdapter appId appPassword the botconst mySillyBot SillyBot new SillyBot routesapp post api messages request Request response Response gt this is where our bot will live after her birth console log request url adapter processActivity request response async context TurnContext gt await mySillyBot onTurn context our bot is now listening on this API endpoint Listenconst PORT process env PORT app listen PORT gt console log Server running on PORT PORT Yippie pretty happy to see your bot happily settled in that api apartment But being a father or mother how do you know that she is ok livin happily ever after So let s chat with her But how we can t use our phone to chat with her because we didn t deploy her and she is still local to your pc where you are running the server now Don t worry let s use Botframework Emulator it s an emulator that emulates your chatting environment the interface where you chat For now let s settle with this but if you had your bot deployed Then you could chat with her from any chat app from Telegram Teams Whatsapp Twitter to any freakin app with chat interface out there But for now let s use emulator since she is not deployed yet Download the emulator from this link if you don t have it yet or from google or any place you like After downloading and installing open it it ll show you something like thisNow click Open Bot and it ll show up something like thisType the url api endpoint where your bot is living for our case it is http localhost api messages Then hit connect But before that make sure your server is running To run that server you type ts node app ts on your project terminal Now congrats the messaging place is ready Now feel free to chat with your beloved little bot all day all night long Now for all those worrying fathers and mothers who are worried that our bot is silly and can only repeat what we say Stay tuned I might drop by another lovely weekend to make our bot SUPER SMART using AI and our silly bot will become SOO INSANELY SMART than you can pretty much ask her any freakin thing out there and she ll reply explain to you in the most amazing way Then you can make her a teacher restaurant call order receiver flight booker story teller or a housewife or a sweet friend to casually talk to you to drive off boredom So are you feeling excited or not Because I sure am We ll be using LUIS QnA Maker and other cool AI and machine learning stuff What s NEXT Improved Production Level AI BOT that can do anything Other kool stuff regarding bots web dev and MORE Insane stuff with JavaScript TypeScript and MORE Got any doubt Drop a comment or Feel free to reach out to me SilveLEAF on Twitter or LinkedinWanna know more about me Come here SilvenLEAF github io	2021-10-08 14:21:48
海外TECH	DEV Community	The "DeRxJSViewModel Pattern": The E=mc^2 of State Management [Part 1]	https://dev.to/zackderose/the-derxjsviewmodel-pattern-the-e-mc-2-of-state-management-part-1-3dka	The quot DeRxJSViewModel Pattern quot The E mc of State Management Part Part Creating a Blue Print setting up TDD and Test Specs to Be CERTAIN that Our Code is Built to Spec What we ll learn in this articleHi everyone Today I m going to share and analyze a pattern that I ve become quite fond of recently for managing state management in a way that is truly domain agnostic We ll do this by first discussing a new pattern for implementing state management code using RxJS in this article In a follow up article that I ve committed to releasing next friday we ll demonstrate its domain agnosticism by using the same code to create a small app in vanilla JS by which I simply mean JS without a framework library Angular and React There s something of a perquisite of some more basic JS knowledge and familiarity with RxJS would helpful here but my goal is for this to be accessible for junior and senior engineers alike Also before we proceed not so coincidentally I ve recently published a new npm package to the registry that we ll be using in this series derxjs view model Installing the package is not necessary for this article but I m very excited for our roadmap as I think that this had the potential to be a huge E mc moment more on that later so I highly recommend that you check it out Here s how the work will break down First part we ll need to do is create TS types which will serve as our blueprint for the lego blocks From there it doesn t really matter which of the second tier tasks we take on next but in some order we re going to create our ViewModel testsbuild out the ViewModel implementationcreate a vanilla JS appcreate an Angular appcreate a React appIn another world we could even potentially have different developers each working on these tasks in parallel if we had the resources for that Unfortunately my brain and articles in general is for the most part only single threaded insert huberman labs link on double focus so instead our path through these tasks is going to look like this In this article we ll create our derxjs view model TS types then write out our tests and then finally use TDD to implement our spec with absolute confidence that we built what we set out to build Next week we ll put this all to good use creating webapps with different frameworks So without further ado let s do this Establishing our tools This section is designed more for junior developers please feel free to skip these if you re already familiar with Ts and Observables and RxJS TypescriptFor this article we ll be using Typescript interfaces to help us think about our problem and to help us to architect a solution In the context of our view model pattern Typescript will allow us to create a shape of the view model data that our particular domains think vanilla JS Angular and React will leverage to create our html from that data this is also known as templating Think of TS as a blueprint that we ll use early on in our development process to lay out our problem that we ll continue to leverage and keep us honest as we actually build our solution out RxJSRxJS is a library we ll use to compose observable event streams or Observables in our code I advise that it s best to think of Observables as Timelines RxJS also introduces the idea of an operator as a function that takes an Observable and returns a new Observable In the context of our Observables as Timelines mental model then an operator is a function that takes a Timeline as input and returns a new Timeline as output this is a talk I gave on Observables as Timelines at RxJS Live The “Pro s of RxJS are Extreme precision and control over codeability to write tests with a higher order of magnitude of precisionDeclarative expressive powerful codeHuge potential for composabilityA perfect mental model and toolset for frontend web development essentially a flurry of user generated events with no guaranteed sequence The “Con s Takes a long time to fully understandEven if YOU make the investment to learn it hard to pass that buck off onto the next developer to use our code makes it difficult to scale Many complicated confusing dimensions Observable joining strategies merge switch exhaust concat Hot vs Cold vs Luke Warm cold observable sourced with a hot observable Behavior vs Replay vs plain vs Async emmission strategy“Dangerous Risk of “leaky subscriptions Risk of wrong implementation bugsRisk of poor implementation leading to even worse code the only thing worse than complicated imperative code is a complicated mess of imperative code with a healthy chunk of “reactive code mixed in They flood the call stack making debugging untennable this is especially unfortunate as bugs in your RxJS code are probably the kind of bugs that we need good debugging tools for the MOST In many ways the pattern recommended in this article and supported on derxjs packages is designed to squeeze all the awesome benefits out of RxJS while avoiding all the nasty pitfalls Our view model function will take as input an Observable of our user s eventsIt will return as output a single Observable of our ViewModel interfaceWe ll build out extensive precise test suite BEFORE starting our implementation to ensure that we re developing EXACTLY what we set out to build We ll use operators inside of our implementation to compose the transition of the input Observables to the output Observable What is the DeRxJS View Model Pattern The basic idea for the DeRxJS View Model pattern is Pass Observables in along with maybe a few functions or pieces of data Get a single Observable outUse your framework of choice for templating turning the output Observable from into html The E mc of State Managementimport Observable from rxjs export type DeRxJSViewModel lt InputType ViewModelType gt inputs InputType gt Observable lt ViewModelType gt The core of my derxjs approach are these lines of Typescript code It s deceptively simple but my hypothesis is this pattern is elegant enough to encompass any amp amp all possible state management requirements It s a powerful core that has lots of potential as a pattern and mental model as well as potential tools and utility code we can build on top of it To use this type simply install the package npm i derxjs view model and import the type into your code import DeRxJSViewModel from derxjs view model don t worry I ll show it in use in our actual code snippets as well If you want to opt out though you can always just copy these lines of code and be on your merry way Introducing the problem Tic Tac ToeOur example problem for today creating a Tic Tac Toe game Let s break this idea down to a rough spec in English Presentational concernsThe user will need to see a x grid that will operate as our game board We ll make this a x grid of buttons and we ll need in our view model some way of modeling structuring this data We ll want to allow the user to reset the game at anypoint even while the computer is thinking This should empty the board and make it their turn Logical concernsWe ll want to introduce the idea of turns to the game During the user s turn they should be allowed to click a button but after clicking a button they shouldn t be allowed to move until the computer opponent makes a move We ll also want to make this feedback prominent to the user We ll need some AI for our computer opponent As cool as it would be to use some GPT here instead let s opt for a Random Number Generator RNG to act in the place of our AI and we ll simulate our AI thinking by adding in a delay of seconds before the computer player makes their move If the game is over if either our player or the computer wins or if the board is full and neither player won we ll want to inform the user and they ll need hit restart to play again Creating a Typescript blue printLet s start by identifying the parameters of our system The way I tend to think about this problem the inputs come down to the user s events selecting spaces on the board the user s events selecting the restart game option a function that will act as the ai that will define how our computer player will act We can visualize the first of these as Timelines so we ll represent them as Observables for the selection of spaces by the user we ll represent that event with an object that states the column and row the user selected and for the reset button clicks the contents of the event actually doesn t matter much just the fact that it happened is really all we need For our ai we ll define it as some function that will take a given Board and the computer s letter x or o and return the SpaceCoordinates for the space the computer will choose This way we can pass in a determinist ai function for reliable testing of our code but we ll see more on this later Let s transpose these to actual Typescript now interface TicTacToeViewModelParams userSpaceClickEvents Observable lt UserSpaceClick gt userResetClickEvents Observable lt void gt ai TicTacToeAi type BoardIndex interface SpaceCoordinates row BoardIndex column BoardIndex type TicTacToeAi params AiParams gt SpaceCoordinates interface AiParams board Board aiLetter o x Next up we ll create an interface for our View Model itself We ll represent this with a board property that should contain a x array of either x s o s or empty spaces The other thing we ll need is a turn property that will tell us if it s our turn the computer s turn or if the game is over interface TicTacToeViewModel board Board turn Turn type Turn your turn computer s turn game over you win game over you lose game over it s a tie type SpaceContent x o type Board SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent The last step is to combine these into a function that takes our inputs and returns an Observable of our view model Let s set out that function s signature now import DeRxJSViewModel from derxjs view model export const ticTacToeViewModel DeRxJSViewModel lt TicTacToeViewModelParams TicTacToeViewModel gt userSpaceClickEvents userResetClickEvents ai gt implementation to go here That about does it for our blueprint Here s a rough blue print that matches our DeRxJS diagram from before As we mentioned prior one of the best things architecturally about having done this work is we have independent paths we could follow from here implementing the functiontemplating our component in any of the frameworks writing tests for our function To reiterate in another scenario we could even potentially have different developers each working on a different branch of these three things at once Since our brains are mostly single threaded though let s start with writing tests for our function then implementing the function then templating TDD and setting up our Timeline Tests for our View ModelFor a sneak peak of this in real code go check out the example spec file in the derxjs repo maybe go give us a start there too if you feel like it So let s break this concept down amp amp use some cool visualizations in the process Before we get into that let s address one big hairy issue about our specific system RNG Our spec requires that the ai choose a valid space at random The AI being random immediately throws off a key component of a reliable test suite being deterministic or the same thing happening EVERY time Luckily we thought of this before designing our system Because the ai function is passed in as a parameter to our function we can pass in a deterministic AI to our view model for our test and then a random AI to our actual implementation we could also come up with some other cool flavors of AI if we wanted feel free to take this code and go nuts with it if you like Would be cool to see someone come up with an I always lose AI To get this let s quickly draft out this ai function const testAiFunction TicTacToeAi board gt for const i of as const for const j of as const if board i j return row i column j throw new Error Ai was passed a full board This should never happen We should see the following behavior from this AI Very cool By leveraging functions for the people who like terminology this is technically a higher order function as the DeRxJSViewModel is a function that took this ai function as a parameter we can see that we are able to pretty effortlessly make our system very highly configurable If we wanted to we could actually have passed in an async function or a function that returns a Promise here as well and built in the second delay right into our AI for even more configurability but I think this is enough complexity for now Btw if you thought passing functions was cool just wait until what we can do when passing in observables as input The Test SuiteWe want to build out a test to cover our system In general we want to make sure we hit most of our edge cases and then maybe run the whole way through a couple times It s usually nice to start with a nice basic base case so let s start with an empty board where the user never makes any actions Since we ll always use the same ai function for every test I ve skipped that in the diagrams but as we can see this very basic test shows that with no user events we start out with an empty board and that board never changes Here s the code for this exact scenario test with no user events the board stays empty gt const firstUserState createInitialViewModel testScheduler run cold expectObservable gt const userBoardClicks cold lt SpaceCoordinates gt const userResetClicks cold lt void gt const expected cold a a firstUserState const result ticTacToeViewModel userSpaceClickEvents userBoardClicks userResetClickEvents userResetClicks ai testAiFunction expectObservable result toEqual expected Notice the ASCII art syntax While it s not bad here I think it gets a bit of a bad rap for being a bit cumbersome to work with and not without good reason I was helping out with trying to line up these ASCII art kind of tests on the rxjs codebase so I can vouch that it s not fun I think I got through operators before I gave up derxjs is working on a nice gui tool to draw out these timelines and spit out working jest spec ts files but that s an article for another time Also notice the testScheduler We ll touch on this in the next example So in this example we can see the player chooses the center square note the dotted vertical line This shows us how the timelines are aligned horizontally so that the moment we observe the user select the middle square we should immediately observe a new state in our UI reflecting an x in that square and showing that it is now the computer s turn to move Then seconds later seconds of virtual time thanks to our TestScheduler we should see our AI move to that first open slot in the top left corner and it should now be our player s turn again So to recap our timeline test is showing us that for the given inputs the two observables timelines here s the expected timeline Remember when we discussed the expressive power of the ai function as a parameter to our tic tac toe system These observable inputs are actually bringing in with them AN INFINITE NUMBER OF POTENTIAL FUTURES EVENTS AND COMBINATIONS OF EVENTSand our viewModel function is attempting to WRANGLE EVERY SINGLE LAST ONE of them and handle them appropriately and RxJS is masterful at allowing us to do so Part of the reason I m so long on these timeline tests are because of how good they are at setting a mental model and especially with RxJS code being so difficult to debug these marble tests become even MORE valuable After all you don t have to debug what ain t broke Here s the code for this test notice things starting to get a bit more hairy test computer player makes a move ms after the player selects a square gt const initialState createInitialViewModel const userClick SpaceCoordinates row column const afterUserClick TicTacToeViewModel board x turn computer s turn const afterComputerMoves TicTacToeViewModel board o x turn your turn testScheduler run cold expectObservable gt const userBoardClicks cold lt SpaceCoordinates gt a a userClick const userResetClicks cold lt void gt const expected cold a b ms c a initialState b afterUserClick c afterComputerMoves const result ticTacToeViewModel userSpaceClickEvents userBoardClicks userResetClickEvents userResetClicks ai testAiFunction expectObservable result toEqual expected Let s move onto the next case make sure that nothing happens when a player clicks on an already filled square and also that nothing happens seconds AFTER the user clicks that filled square for hopefully evident reasons code test user click does nothing on an already filled square gt const initialState createInitialViewModel const userClicksCenterSquare SpaceCoordinates row column const afterUserClick TicTacToeViewModel board x turn computer s turn const afterComputerMoves TicTacToeViewModel board o x turn your turn const userClicksComputersSquare SpaceCoordinates row column testScheduler run cold expectObservable gt const userBoardClicks cold lt SpaceCoordinates gt a s a b aaaa bbbb a userClicksCenterSquare b userClicksComputersSquare const userResetClicks cold lt void gt const expected cold a b ms c a initialState b afterUserClick c afterComputerMoves const result ticTacToeViewModel userSpaceClickEvents userBoardClicks userResetClickEvents userResetClicks ai testAiFunction expectObservable result toEqual expected Notice our output looks the same even though our user is spamming those selected squares Next up The reset button workstest reset button works gt const initialState createInitialViewModel const userClicksCenterSquare SpaceCoordinates row column const afterUserClick TicTacToeViewModel board x turn computer s turn const afterComputerMoves TicTacToeViewModel board o x turn your turn testScheduler run cold expectObservable gt const userBoardClicks cold lt SpaceCoordinates gt a a userClicksCenterSquare const userResetClicks cold lt void gt ms a a undefined const expected cold a b ms c a a initialState b afterUserClick c afterComputerMoves const result ticTacToeViewModel userSpaceClickEvents userBoardClicks userResetClickEvents userResetClicks ai testAiFunction expectObservable result toEqual expected Fairly straight forward but it will be a good marker to let us know if the most basic functionality of resetting our game is working properlyNext one is around the same reset case with a twist the user can reset the game while the computer is thinking making sure that the move the computer would have made is appropriately cancelled I think that covers it for most of the potential edge cases of our system For good measure I d also throw a couple fully played out games as well just to be sure that we can make it all the way through a game without issues I m not gonna diagram those out here but you can see it in action for yourself in the derxjs codebase Run the test suite now if you like git clone cd derxjsnpm inpx nx test examples tic tac toe view model implementation Implementing our DeRxJS View Model PatternAlright so we ve got a fully fleshed out spec at this point time to implement Btw if you want to give yourself a fun challenge now go clone my derxjs repo and erase the contents of tic tac tow view model implementation src lib view model spec and see if you can get the tests to pass before reading this section We could honestly go a couple ways with this specific problem in particular a state machine approach would be a great fit for this and I hope to do a proper XState implementation maybe even a derxjs xstate package somewhere down the line at some point in the future But because it s a pretty common pattern we ll look at a reducer solution here If you re familiar with the JavaScript Array reduce method that s a great place to start const foo function sum arr number number return arr reduce accumulator arrayItem gt accumulator arrayItem console log sum foo In this code we used reduce to reduce the contents of the array down to a single value their sum Notice that this too is a higher order function since it takes a function as a parameter making it very versatile You can do ALOT of things with reduce We re actually interested more in the reducer function though specifically accumulator arrayItem gt accumulator arrayItemThe idea for this function is that it will loop through the list and call this function for each item the item itself going into the arrayItem param and the return value of the prior function call going into the accumulator param In this way we reduce the array down to a sum Pretty cool We re going to take this same concept a bit further for our tic tac toe example now expanding the anaology in separate dimensions Instead of numbers we re going to reduce some set of observed events think user clicks and ai moves down into the TicTacToeViewModel interface from the prior section here it is again if you missed it export interface TicTacToeViewModel board Board turn Turn export type Turn your turn computer s turn game over you win game over you lose game over it s a tie export type SpaceContent x o export type Board SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent SpaceContent Instead of synchronously iterating through a defined list and returning a value at the end of it all we re going to asynchronously handle events immediately as they are observed emitting a corresponding state this one sounds intimidating but this one is actually quite trivial thanks to RxJS Before getting overwhelmed in all this let s take a deep breath and break this down into it s pieces The first step is to identify the events that could potentially change our TicTacToeViewModel Two of them are pretty clear because they re input observables to our function user clicking a square and user clicking reset Let s go ahead and wrap those up now by creating interfaces for them that wrap their value in an object and add a type property to them we ll switch on these type values later on interface UserSpaceClickAction type user space click space SpaceCoordinates export interface SpaceCoordinates row BoardIndex column BoardIndex interface UserResetAction type user reset click You might see this elsewhere referred to as tokenizing or actionizing the data There s one more event that would change our view model though the ai s moves interface AiAction type ai action space SpaceCoordinates We ll create a union type of these actions via TS as well type Action UserSpaceClickAction UserResetAction AiAction Think of this as grouping the actions into a single type where you know an Action is one of the possible Now we ll write the signature for our reducer function export function reducer state TicTacToeViewModel action Action TicTacToeViewModel impl here Best to think of this function as handling an action so if a user clicks on a button the next state should be the same as before but with an X on the square the user selected and also the computer s turn or maybe the user even won with that move and we should say You Win Or if the user clicks reset we should get a new board Or if the user clicks on an occupied square or tries to act while it s the computer s turn we should just stay the same Hopefully these sound familiar because these are pretty much exactly the test cases we had tested prior ONLY Rather than thinking about the whole flow of data the whole timeline instead we re focused in on the micro handling a single action Before we actually write these functions though let s create some utility functions for the things we ll need TicTacTo Utility Fns function isSpaceOccupied board Board space SpaceCoordinates boolean return board space row space column assumes the given space is unoccupied function nextBoard board Board space SpaceCoordinates player x o Board const newBoard Board board board board newBoard space row space column player return newBoard function isGameOver board Board user wins computer wins tie game false const winningCombinations SpaceCoordinates SpaceCoordinates SpaceCoordinates row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column row column for const x y z of winningCombinations if board x row x column x amp amp board y row y column x amp amp board z row z column x return user wins if board x row x column o amp amp board y row y column o amp amp board z row z column o return computer wins return board flat as SpaceContent some contents gt contents false tie game export function createInitialViewModel TicTacToeViewModel return board turn your turn Functions make for really great Lego blocks and now that we have all these let s write out function throwing the real implementation in here because too many cases to cover them all in text but good for you to look over it and make sure it makes sense export function reducer state TicTacToeViewModel action Action TicTacToeViewModel switch action type case user reset click return createInitialViewModel case user space click if state turn your turn return state if isSpaceOccupied state board action space return state const newBoard nextBoard state board action space x const result isGameOver newBoard switch result case false return board newBoard turn computer s turn case user wins return board newBoard turn game over you win case tie game return board newBoard turn game over it s a tie default throw should not be reached case ai action const newBoard nextBoard state board action space o const result isGameOver newBoard switch result case false return board newBoard turn your turn case computer wins return board newBoard turn game over you lose default throw should not be reached Awesome It wouldn t be a terrible idea now to write some test for this reducer function or even writing them before we implemented this but since we already have our test suite set up this is not really necessary Even the fact that we re using a reducer strategy right now is implementation detail that we don t necessarily want to preserve moving forward The majority of our work is done now For the sake of time I m going to reveal the rest of the black box of our reducer implementation of the ticTacToeViewModel The shape engine is actually quite generic to the reducer pattern although passing in the ai function is a little bit of a twist but not that much If you ve worked with NgRx Redux or some similar library it actually probably looks very familiar already This genericism actually makes it quite nice to package this flow and maybe publish it on npm you can check out an example implementation for this same problem that uses this exact same reducer function we just wrote in the derxjs repo But in any case let s follow the diagram and see how to translate this into code First off we ll take our incoming user actions and use the map operator to tokenize or wrap them into the right Action type and then merge them down to create a single actions Observable We ll go ahead here and create out actionsSubject and start sharing our actions to that subject const actionsSubject new Subject lt Action gt const userClickActions userSpaceClickEvents pipe map space UserSpaceClickAction gt type user space click space space const userResetActions userResetClickEvents pipe map UserResetAction gt type user reset click const actions merge userClickActions userResetActions pipe share connector gt actionsSubject Green shows what we ve done Next up we re gonna hook that actions stream up with our reducer function to create our state observable This is the Observable lt TicTacToeViewModel gt that we set our to make But we re not done yet const state actions pipe scan reducer createInitialViewModel startWith lt TicTacToeViewModel gt createInitialViewModel distinctUntilChanged Note how we used scan with our reducer function here What we re doing is feeding in all the user s actions one by one and each action is running through that reducer to get to a next TicTacToeViewModel object which is a super clean amp amp easy way to get to our Observable of that TicTacToeViewModel This is where RxJS really shines in my opinion Note we re also starting with an initialState think just an empty board and we re going to use distinctUntilChanged to filter out any times our state observable would emit the same state over again since we re creating this view model for a ui it really doesn t make sense to make the UI re render if for example the user tried to click on a space that was already occupied If we ran this now as is though after the user made their first move it would become the computer s turn and so far we haven t hooked up the ai piece of our code yet so the user would just be stuck in that state This is where effects come into play The idea of an effect thinking generically in the context of DeRxJS reducer is that it is a function that takes our actions Observable and our state Observable or just one of them or NEITHER and returns a new Observable of actions that we re going to connect BACK into our actions Subject to share those actions back into the actions observable That s generically though for our specific example we only have the one effect that we need to worry about and that s our AI We ll start this with the observed states filtered down to only states where the turn has just changed to computer s turn we ll then delay for seconds before mapping the Board that came with the state through our ai function to get our computer s move Last step is to wrap alll that into a switchMap from the user reset actions We do this so that if the user ever resets the game while the computer is thinking we d discard that subscription so that the computer doesn t randomly barge in seconds after the last user space click action when it should be the user s turn const aiActions userResetActions pipe startWith undefined switchMap gt state pipe filter x gt x turn computer s turn delay map state gt type ai action as const space ai board state board aiLetter o share connector gt actionsSubject aiActions subscribe return state Last thing to do subscribe to our aiActions and return the state And yes I m aware there s a potentially leaky subscription there on the aiActions I m gonna say that s okay for now in my mind this game is all our app is so no need to teardown but be sure to checkout the DeRxJS reducer source code to see how we could handle that Closing ThoughtsI m very excited for the work we re doing here and not just because of the upcoming DeRxJS roadmap The reason I m excited is that in case you didn t notice NONE OF THE CODE WE WROTE IN THIS ARTICLE is domain specific Beyond just Angular React Vue etc we could take this same tic tac toe state management code now and drop it in a mobile app a native app Artificial Reality Augmented Reality really ANY presentation layer and our state management code would be valid and proven to be to spec I m very excited to see where this takes us next and I can t wait to see y all in the next article About the authorZack DeRose or DeRxJS if you like is a GDE in Angulara recent nx conf NgConf RxJS Live The Angular Show ZDS speakerCreator of the derxjs OSS packagesSenior Engineer and Engineering Manager at NrwlCheckout out my personal website for more of my dev content And go bug Jeff Cross Joe Johnson if you want to hire me to come help out your codebase or come help level up your team on Nx NgRx DeRxJS RxJS State Management I especially love building awesome stuff and building up teams with bright developers that are eager to learn	2021-10-08 14:15:48
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海外TECH	Engadget	The Carol smart exercise bike is a $2,400 paradox	https://www.engadget.com/carol-rehiit-smart-exercise-bike-142103038.html?src=rss	The Carol smart exercise bike is a paradoxIf you had the opportunity would you pay more in order to use an exercise bike less frequently That is give or take the sales pitch for Carol s at home spin bike It s the anti Peloton designed to be used for just minutes and seconds per workout At the end of its standard program it even tells you that you can go to the gym if you want to rather than because you need to But stealing back all of those hours from the capricious gods of exercise comes at a price plus per month after the first three months It s up to you to decide if that eye watering fee is worth swerving all of those cardio sessions ScienceDaniel CooperCarol leverages the principles of Reduced Exertion High Intensity Interval Training REHIIT a variation on the Tabata method of HIIT Put simply you re asked to exercise at a very high intensity for a very short period of time rather than a long period of time in a steady state In this example Carol says that its standard sub nine minute workout gives you the equivalent workout to a minute jog This involves you going all out for seconds but then having the better part of three minutes to recover That second frenzy is designed to deplete your body s stores of glycogen and pushes the heart rate through the roof The long recovery time is designed to reset your body enabling you to grind out far more from your muscles than you would in a standard Tabata workout And studies have shown that at least in male participants a six week REHIIT program can improve their insulin resistance and oxygen consumption “One of the things I like about REHIIT is the long length of the recovery periods says Stuart Moore trainer and owner of Wheel Fitness a specialist cycling practice “This enables people without a lot of experience to recover properly between bouts of hard work and then go again with another round He added that “all interval training can be useful but stressed that would be adopters “should get the important checks with your doctor before trying this sort of thing “I d prefer complete beginners to interval training try something more mild than modified versions of HIIT he said “this could help with developing a base before delving into the more intense exercise later Andrea Speir co founder and lead trainer at Speir Pilates added that the psychological benefits on neophyte exercisers were crucial “Because it spikes the heart rate and improves VO Max cardiac output and boosts the metabolism without being too strenuous she said “It s not as daunting to commit to it three to five times a week which is where you really see great results she added HistoryDaniel CooperIt s not often that a company founder announces that their product exists because of a BBC documentary but Carol isn t exactly a standard Silicon Valley story Co founder Ulrich Dempfle was a management consultant working with the UK s National Health Service on behalf of firms like McKinsey and PWC Part of his role was to look for ways to encourage people to exercise more despite the fact they would often say they didn t have enough time to become gym bunnies It wasn t until he watched s The Truth About Exercise that he became a convert to REHIIT The documentary was fronted by Dr Michael Mosely who is chiefly responsible for making intermittent fasting mainstream in the UK One of Mosely s gimmicks has always been to look for more efficient ways to feel healthy and this was a love letter to REHIIT Dempfle and his team contacted the academics whose research was featured in order to get a look at their equipment Dempfle explained that the bikes featured had their intensity controlled by one of the academics while a person exercised on them and that the price was astronomical It was here that the idea of building an affordable REHIIT bike was more or less born In fact Carol would wind up being featured in a Mosley s follow up documentary The Truth About Getting Fit albeit not named because of the BBC s rules against product placement BikeDaniel CooperAt first glance Carol could be mistaken for pretty much any at home exercise bike It has a very large rear slung flywheel and a beefy drive unit which houses the system to electronically control the resistance the secret sauce behind the REHIIT program A pair of short handles with the customary heart rate monitoring electrodes sit below the display housing which holds a inch screen The seat height and distance is adjustable as well as the height of the handlebars and there are toe cages and clips on the pedals for pro cyclists After you ve registered you can then log in to the bike which is a process you ll have to do every time you want to use it After the first attempt you can just tap on your initials on a list of stored users but there s no way to stay logged in by default Given how beefy the bike is and that it s designed for both at home and professional use I feel as if this makes it well suited to offices and gyms more so than people s homes You could easily see this in the corner of a small business with staff members getting their minutes each day as they take a break from their work DisplayDaniel CooperWhen it comes to screens there are two schools of thought dominating the at home fitness market Peloton s ubiquity means that consumers may soon expect all machines to have a glossy massive HD display as the default Companies like Wattbike Concept and others however are happy pushing out machines that still leverage old school LCD head units On a personal note the Polar View offered by the Wattbike PMB is one of the best training tools I ve ever encountered Carol splits this difference by offering a inch color touchscreen that offers the same sort of data you d find on an LCD set but cleaner and more colorful The UI flashes an angry red when you hit the high intensity phase and the visualizations showing your power output are great A software update too came through during my review that has made the UI a lot cleaner and smoother than it was before And even better you can use the display to live stream classes from Peloton s own app although you ll need to subscribe to them separately Boot the bike up for the first time and you ll be greeted by a Lenovo splash screen because Carol s display is quite literally a Lenovo tablet in a housing On paper this is genius An Android tablet should last longer is more affordable and should be easier to replace than a custom solution Plus you can and Carol does leverage Google s pre built accessibility features for adjusting screen fonts and voice overs that it would take time and money to copy for little to no upside Not to mention that because it is an Android tablet you can run third party apps through the Play Store albeit only ones that have been sanctioned by Carol s makers So far that s just Peloton but there s no technical reason that your favorite fitness or entertainment app couldn t wind up on this screen as well But for all of those positives slamming an Android tablet onto a bike and calling it quits still feels a bit lackluster for a bike costing two thousand four hundred dollars In useDaniel CooperOnce you ve answered the medical questionnaire you have to go through six taster sessions for the bike to gauge your overall fitness level After that point you re free to sample the delights that the bike has to offer including four different REHIIT workouts I pretty much stuck to the standard program ーthe reason anyone would buy a Carol bike ーbut there are other options available This includes an Energiser ride which offers shorter second sprints as well as minute or minute Fat Burn program with or sprints respectively You also get the option for a Free Ride with power controlled by yourself or an Endurance ride with the resistance slowly ramping up beyond your ability to cope with it Once you ve chosen a program you re asked to choose from a series of generic audio options but again I was advised by the company s representatives to stick with the default This was probably for the best because the other options are essentially musak In it a calm voiceover talks about how neanderthal man never jogged they either walked slowly or ran like their lives depended on it At the same time the on screen coaching tells you to breathe in for four seconds hold for a beat and then exhale over six seconds which is hard to coordinate if you re bad at multitasking All the while you re asked to cycle at a very low level never exceeding an output of watts or so There s a countdown timer on screen and a timeline so it s not as if you re not told when the sprints are about to begin But the narration treats it more like a surprise talking about the vista when suddenly she tells you that there s a tiger leaping out at you and you have to pedal for your life The screen turns red three seconds before the sprint begins letting you spool up as you prepare to go hell for leather to escape your predator Because the resistance is calibrated to your fitness level it continues to go up after your initial burst of energy to ensure that you re nicely wiped out by the end of the sprint Hell I found that I was flagging at the second mark and could never get back to my first output peak no matter what I tried You may scoff at the idea that biking for just seconds can wipe you out and make any positive impact on your fitness You begin to feel your legs go as your body suddenly starts to wuss out and the final quarter of the sprints have you running on fumes As effective exercises go the system makes good upon its promises and you need that long recovery time to restore any sense of humanity you may have had The screen will graph your output and compare it to your output on the second sprint when you hit it and let you see how far you ve dropped between runs Although the on screen display s promise that you won t sweat is mostly true it s not entirely fair for sweaty sweaty boys like me Wrap upDaniel CooperIn the period in which I was using Carol I think my fitness did improve as did my mood when I was trying to complete one of these more or less every single day The bike repeatedly advises you as does its representatives to only do a single sprint session in a hour period and only three times a week to avoid injury You certainly start the day feeling more energized and I can t complain that this has eaten a big chunk of my day when it hasn t But I m finding myself hamstrung by the price especially given the fact that it s designed to do one job one fitness program to the exclusion of most others Do I want to spend plus an additional a month on an appliance I d use for or minutes a week Yes that s less than you can spend on a Wattbike Atom or Peloton Bike but it s still a lot In that philistinic sense of knowing the cost of something but not its value the numbers make my eyes water It s a bike that does one thing really and it does it well but I feel in my gut that I d have an easier time singing this thing s praises if its price was just below the mark It s a weird psychological barrier for sure and maybe you re scoffing at my imaginary parsimony But as much as this thing is designed for a mainstream audience right now it s priced at the level where only enthusiasts can buy it	2021-10-08 14:21:03
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