投稿時間:2021-12-20 22:38:43 RSSフィード2021-12-20 22:00 分まとめ(42件)

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IT	ITmedia 総合記事一覧	[ITmedia News] アニメ「鬼滅の刃 遊郭編」、年末年始は放送時間を変更　見逃し配信も1時間遅く	https://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/2112/20/news163.html	itmedia	2021-12-20 21:15:00
python	Pythonタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	PySpark: LightGBM on Sparkを使ってみる	https://qiita.com/ktksq/items/522264f5c0f16f0f8e41	PySparkLightGBMonSparkを使ってみるSynapseMLとはSpark上で大規模データセットを用いた機械学習を効率よく行うために設計されたライブラリ。	2021-12-20 21:55:30
js	JavaScriptタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	Vue.jsの基本の「キ」	https://qiita.com/canonno/items/9563e43d445dc43364ee	基本的な世界はいつものHTMLCSSJavascriptなので、②のidappの範囲を決めて「ここからここまではVueの世界だよ」と教えてあげる必要がある。	2021-12-20 21:46:19
js	JavaScriptタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	次のプロジェクトにすごく役立つAPI 5選	https://qiita.com/baby-degu/items/fdaf85b5526ca2797330	次の例では、moviedbAPIを使って、映画のタイトルと画像のリストを表示する簡単な映画アプリを作成しました。	2021-12-20 21:29:46
js	JavaScriptタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	WebWorker上でS3にファイルをアップロードするときに困ったグローバルオブジェクト	https://qiita.com/NaotoFushimi/items/480b9349aeedee442ccd	WebWorker上でSにファイルをアップロードするときに困ったグローバルオブジェクト本稿はWanoGroupAdventCalendar用の記事となります。	2021-12-20 21:12:06
js	JavaScriptタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	フロントエンドエンジニア1年目としてやったこと	https://qiita.com/mangoku/items/ee4e22ee9fc97a499b9f	本記事では年目のフロントエンドエンジニアが技術的なキャッチアップをどのように行なってきたか書いて行きます。	2021-12-20 21:02:42
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	Mysql2::Error::ConnectionError: Access denied for user 'root'@'172.20.0.3' (using password: NO)	https://teratail.com/questions/374779?rss=all	MysqlErrorConnectionErrorAccessdeniedforuserxrootxxxusingpasswordNOわからないこと現在Dockerを使ってRubyの環境構築を行っています。	2021-12-20 21:38:52
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	Rubymineのプラグインについて	https://teratail.com/questions/374778?rss=all	railways	2021-12-20 21:34:58
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	一覧画面から編集画面に遷移した際に検索条件を保持し、戻るを押した際に検索条件が設定されるようにしたい	https://teratail.com/questions/374777?rss=all	一覧画面から編集画面に遷移した際に検索条件を保持し、戻るを押した際に検索条件が設定されるようにしたい一覧画面で、UserwherequotnamenbspLIKEnbspquotnbspquothanaquotを使って検索機能を実装しています検索で絞った状態で編集画面に遷移し、編集画面で戻るボタンを押した時に、一覧画面で絞った状態のページに遷移したいです。	2021-12-20 21:28:13
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	Python DL 自然言語処理 文章分類	https://teratail.com/questions/374776?rss=all	PythonDL自然言語処理文章分類ゼロから作るDeepnbspLearningnbsp❷ー自然言語処理編でDeepLearningによる自然言語処理を学習中です。	2021-12-20 21:25:51
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	ggplot2のstat_densitiy2dで算出されるlevelの意味を教えてください	https://teratail.com/questions/374775?rss=all	ggplotのstatdensitiydで算出されるlevelの意味を教えてください前提・実現したいことここに質問の内容を詳しく書いてください。	2021-12-20 21:25:29
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	「Python・Tkinter」ボタンを押さずに割り込み処理を実行したい。	https://teratail.com/questions/374774?rss=all	「Python・Tkinter」ボタンを押さずに割り込み処理を実行したい。	2021-12-20 21:23:01
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	HTTPステータス 500 - Internal Server Error が解決できない	https://teratail.com/questions/374773?rss=all	HTTPステータスInternalServerErrorが解決できないサーブレットを用いて、画面の遷移や値の受け渡しをしているのですが、その際にこのエラーが出てしまい先に進むことができず、行き詰ってしまったので質問を投稿させていただきました。	2021-12-20 21:16:20
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	rspecのfactroyでcontorllerのアクションを呼び出すことは可能でしょうか？	https://teratail.com/questions/374772?rss=all	rspecのfactroyでcontorllerのアクションを呼び出すことは可能でしょうか登録画面でデフォルト時に正規表現を使ったpasswordの作成は出来ております。	2021-12-20 21:10:19
Program	[全てのタグ]の新着質問一覧｜teratail（テラテイル）	Bit ArrowのPythonで不明なエラー。	https://teratail.com/questions/374771?rss=all	BitArrowのPythonで不明なエラー。	2021-12-20 21:02:57
AWS	AWSタグが付けられた新着投稿 - Qiita	WebWorker上でS3にファイルをアップロードするときに困ったグローバルオブジェクト	https://qiita.com/NaotoFushimi/items/480b9349aeedee442ccd	WebWorker上でSにファイルをアップロードするときに困ったグローバルオブジェクト本稿はWanoGroupAdventCalendar用の記事となります。	2021-12-20 21:12:06
海外TECH	DEV Community	How to add chat into a VUE.JS app with TalkJS chat API	https://dev.to/talkjs/how-to-add-chat-into-a-vuejs-app-with-talkjs-chat-api-4290	How to add chat into a VUE JS app with TalkJS chat APIHow to add chat into a VUE JS app with TalkJS chat APIAdding a live chat feature to a web app is often complex However with recent developments in the web dev community and the inception of TalkJS this formidable task has become a breeze TalkJS is a turnkey solution for adding live chat to any web app It provides an ever customizable user interface flexible notifications and a powerful chat API out of the box In this tutorial we will look at how we can add a chat to an existing vue js application in a matter of minutes Application OverviewA Great University runs our fictitious application It allows their students to take live lectures but it lacks the ability to chat with professors and amongst themselves in real time Currently the web app consists of a landing page where the student s log in with their university credentials Name Email and Password Once they log in they are taken to the live lecture For simplicity s sake we have assumed that there s only one live lecture which in our case is just a YouTube video and that all the students are already authenticated The currentUser object we will use throughout the tutorial will contain data that we ve received from the backend after the login and auth process Our focus is on integrating a chat into an existing Vue app and not creating a whole app from scratch Adding TalkJS to our applicationWe begin by adding TalkJS to our application This can be done in one of two ways If you use the Node Package Manager run the following command it will save it as a dependency in the packages json gt npm install talkjs saveIf you use Yarn Package Manager run the following command gt yarn add talkjsNow that you have TalkJS installed you need to signup on their website and register your application This is a very simple process at the end of which you will receive your APPID Keep hold of this it s very important and we will use this later Creating the chatbox Vue ComponentEvery Vue component is housed in its own vue file In this case here are the steps to be followedWe will create a component called MessageBox in MessageBox vue Under the template we create a div as shown in the image below The div has a ref attribute set to “talkjs container we will use this to mount the actual chat box in this div later The tag is only used as a placeholder until the chatbox loads We have added some styling but that is left to the reader s discretion lt template gt lt div class col xs id talkjs container ref talkjs container style width margin top px height px gt lt i gt Loading chat lt i gt lt div gt lt template gt Below is a template that is added through a script tag This will contain all the setup and logic for the TalkJS chatbox Here the first thing we need to do is import TalkJS To do that add the following at the start of the script section import Talk from “talkjs Next we export this component and name it MessageBox This component will accept one prop of type object that contains the user s information It has two variables that it needs to maintain so we add conversation and chatbox to the data function lt script gt import Talk from talkjs export default name MessageBox data return conversation null chatbox null props currentUser type Object required true javascriptOur chatbox will render once our MessageBox component has mounted and as such all chatbox logic will have to run inside the mounted lifecycle function that Vue provides The mounted function will be defined just below our props object and it will look something like this Creating the UsersThe Talk object we imported from TalkJS is promise based Hence we call the ready function and then add our logic as a call back to the then function Here we create our use through Talk User function It accepts a JSONobject with the ID Name Email photo URL of our user and a role we set to default For the sake of demonstration we have also added another dummy user Sebastian in the other variable In your application you would add your own users using their data from your database mounted Talk ready then gt creating our user var me new Talk User id this currentUser id name this currentUser name email this currentUser email photoUrl role default creating other users var other new Talk User id name Sebastian email Sebastian example com photoUrl welcomeMessage Hey how can I help role default Establishing a TalkJS SessionThere can t be a chat if there s no chat session hence we establish a talk session and add it to our browser s window s instance establishing a new session if one doesn t already exists if window talkSession window talkSession new Talk Session appId YOU APP ID me me The APPID you found on your dashboard will be used here to establish a connection if one doesn t already exist This connection will let us join chats and start conversations You also specify the user trying to establish the connection by passing the current user as a theme object Creating a New or Joining an Existing ConversationNext we join or start an existing conversation Each conversation on TalkJS has a unique id These ids can be stored in your database and used when joining group conversations or a conversation with someone For our demonstration we will hard code it to all the students joining this lecture will be added to the conversation with the ID connecting to a new or already existing conversation this conversation window talkSession getOrCreateConversation this conversation setAttributes subject Computational Theory adding participants this conversation setParticipant me this conversation setParticipant other The getOrCreateConversation function will fetch the conversation if it already exists or create a new instance Note that we are initializing the conversation variable we defined earlier this is so we can access the conversation object later if necessary Once the conversation has been initialized we add its participants and naturally it is going to be the two users me and others we created beforehand Creating an Inbox and Mounting itLike a usual conversation we will initializethe inbox variable we defined above using the createInbox function of our talkSession We will pass our conversation as the focus of this inbox by setting selected to our conversation creating the actual inbox chatbox this inbox window talkSession createInbox selected this conversation Last but not the least we will mount our inbox to the div we added a ref to in the template section But before this we need to ensure that the ref we are going to point to has been initialized Which is why we will use Vue s nextTick function It will ensure that the following code runs only after the required div and ref are rendered and are ready to be addressed In order to mount the inbox we just call the mount function on the inbox object and pass this ref of our div which we set to “talkjs container The ResultWith this we ve successfully added a chat box to our application This group chat supports up to users in the basic plan and up to in the growth plan however more refinements will drastically increase these limits such as the rolling enterprise plan The chatbox would look something like this This is the default design and you can change it endlessly from the TalkJS dashboard The below gif demonstrates the functional design of the Chatbox	2021-12-20 12:48:33
海外TECH	DEV Community	How to Change the Opacity of the SnackBar In Flutter?	https://dev.to/pankajdas0909/how-to-change-the-opacity-of-the-snackbar-in-flutter-225l	How to Change the Opacity of the SnackBar In Flutter SnackBar Widget is a Flutter widget to show a lightweight simple message at the bottom of the device screen It can also contain an optional action So in this article We will go through how to change the Opacity of the Snackbar In Flutter What is Opacity Widgets The Opacity widgets are generally used to make their child partially transparent So how its work This widget colors the class into intermedia buffer and the scene is partially transparent with the merger of child back The class needs to intermediate buffer the coloring child therefore it consumes a little more time The syntax for the constructor is as follows Syntax Opacity Key key required double opacity bool alwaysIncludeSemantics false Widget child Change the Opacity of the Snackbar In Flutter To change the Opacity Widget of the SnackBar Widget in Flutter users can try using the color property of the snack bar like this backgroundColor Colors black withOpacity You can adjust the opacity of your backgroundColor withcolor withAlpha color withOpacity using a hexadecimal integer xffffff the first pair of digits after the x represents the alpha value creating a Color using Color fromARGB You can find information about this on this documentation page about the Color class This is easily adjustable using the Opacity Widget In your Snackbar just surround your actual content with an Opacity Widget import package flutter material dart void main runApp const MyApp class MyApp extends StatelessWidget const MyApp Key key super key key override Widget build BuildContext context return MaterialApp title Flutter Demo theme ThemeData primarySwatch Colors blue home const MyHomePage title Flutter Agency Demo Home Page class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget const MyHomePage Key key required this title super key key final String title override State createState gt MyHomePageState class MyHomePageState extends State int counter void incrementCounter setState counter ScaffoldMessenger of context showSnackBar SnackBar content Text SnakeBar Output counter backgroundColor Colors black withOpacity duration const Duration seconds override Widget build BuildContext context return Scaffold appBar AppBar title Text widget title body Center child Column mainAxisAlignment MainAxisAlignment center children const Text You have pushed the button this many times Text counter style Theme of context textTheme headline floatingActionButton FloatingActionButton onPressed incrementCounter tooltip Increment child const Icon Icons add This trailing comma makes auto formatting nicer for build methods Output Conclusion In this article We have been through How to Change the Opacity of the SnackBar In Flutter Keep Learning Keep Fluttering Flutter Agency is our portal Platform dedicated to Flutter Technology and Flutter Developers The portal is full of cool resources from Flutter like Flutter Widget Guide Flutter Projects Code libs and etc	2021-12-20 12:44:06
海外TECH	DEV Community	35 Online Platforms to Grow Software Developer Skills	https://dev.to/vectorly/35-online-platforms-to-grow-software-developer-skills-1ij6	Online Platforms to Grow Software Developer SkillsThe story was originally posted on Vectorly s blog Vectorly s knowledge base with online courses and educational content for software engineers as well as other tech roles such as designers product managers marketers and others will save your time for research and help develop up to date skills In software engineering new languages tools technologies appear and become popular every day You have no choice but to stay up to date on main trends and constantly develop and expand your skillset in order to grow the market value and remain competitive That s why developers and engineering managers should cultivate a continuous learning mindset constantly develop new skills as well as integrate learning into the workflow UdacityOnline courses to build and develop tech skills The platform offers both paid and courses that are completely free yet Udacity doesn t offer a certificate for free programs Programs Artificial IntelligenceBusinessCloud ComputingCybersecurityProgramming amp developmentProduct management etc Languages English EdX online courses from leading institutions worldwide Students get certificates Free courses are also available Programs BusinessComputer ScienceData ScienceCommunication and moreLanguages English Frontend mastersVideo courses from leading engineers to develop front end skills Paid membership special pricing for teams Free content is also available Languages English LinkedIn LearningOnline courses taught by industry experts in software creative and business skills Programs BusinessCreativeTechnologyLanguages English UdemyOnline learning and teaching marketplace with over courses Programming marketing data science and more Free content is also available Programs DevelopmentBusinessIT amp SoftwareDesignMarketing and moreLanguages English French Spanish Russian Spanish PluralsightExpert authored video courses and content from beginner to advanced level The platform also offers free skills assessment Programs Architecture amp constructionBusinessDataIT opsManufacturing amp designSoftware DevelopmentCyber Security etc Languages English Cloud AcademyA platform for training cloud computing and testing your cloud skills Available on subscription with a special offer for teams The platform also holds webinars and events Language English KatacodaInteractive learning and training platform for software engineers Over real world scenarios and counting Students can choose a lab and start learning online Free content Language English Data CampData skills training platform The platform offers skills assessment features interactive courses and practice with quick daily challenges Certification Language English CodecademyOnline interactive platform that offers free coding classes in different programming languages including Python Java Go JavaScript Ruby SQL C C Swift Sass HTML and CSS Many courses are free though the paid plan offers additional learning tools courses and community support Language English CybraryThis cybersecurity professional platform offers online courses to develop tech skills There are also options for students Certification PreparationVirtual Labs hands on experience Skills Development and AssessmentLanguage English GoskillsOnline courses platform to build skills in tech Among the extra features are quick skill tests and verified certificates of achievement for every course completed Programs Project managementSoft SkillsDevelopmentDesignData Analysis and moreLanguage English AlisonThousands of free online courses with certificates and diplomas No enrollment or subscription fees Programs ITLanguagesSales amp MarketingManagement and moreLanguage English General assemblyFull time and time part courses The platform also holds workshops and events with industry experts Alumni get access to the professional community Programs Data AnalysisData ScienceProduct ManagementFront End Web DevelopmentJavaScriptPython ProgrammingDigital Marketing and moreLanguage English Free code campLots of online materials videos articles and interactive coding lessons FOR FREE Language English EducativePerfect for those who don t like video courses and prefer a reading format The platform offers text based courses to build coding skills with the opportunity to practice the skills on real cases Language English Harvard UniversityOnline courses from one of the world s top universities computer science programming data science art amp design and more Language English One MonthThe platform offers one month long online courses on programming languages HTML JavaScript Python SQL Language English ThinkfulOnline interactive platform with a variety of online coding bootcamps in several areas including web development mobile development and design The site also offers personal mentorship from industry experts and months of professional career coaching Programs Software EngineeringUX UI DesignData ScienceProject Management and moreLanguage English Code with MoshOnline courses to master coding skills The courses take from week to weeks depending on the qualification The cost to attend Code with Mosh ranges from to Language English Tree House​​Online coding design and more classes for at home learning Free day trial Programs JavaScript Basics Intro to HTML amp CSS Python Basics CSS Layout and moreLanguage English Zero To MasteryOnline coding academy and developer community with courses from beginner programming fundamentals to advanced level Programs ReactJavaScriptPythonCSS and moreLanguage English Microsoft LearnA free online training platform that provides interactive learning Paths certifications life and recorded events by Microsoft Languages All AcademindThe platform offers hundreds of coding tutorials and programming video courses Academind also has a community in Discord where students help each other and learn together as well as share their progress Language English JovianInteractive courses on data science Build real world projects Certifications Language English Skill SharePersonalized and interactive learning video courses to develop creative skills on topics including illustration design photography video freelancing and more Available on subscription day free trial Language English Alta ResearchCloud DevOps and G Training platform Lectures and hands on training Programs G CoursesCloud DevOpsProgrammingTelecomSUSESecurityAWSLanguage English CourserootCourseroot aggregates and ranks the best online courses from the biggest platforms on the web Students can filter through online courses based on level of difficulty price hours of content and certificate quality Language English HTML AcademyInteractive online courses to build programming skills Programs HTML and CSSJavaScriptPHPAnimation and moreLanguage Russian AOTMPAssociation of Telecom Mobility and IT Management Professionals is a membership organization dedicated to serving more than million professionals around the globe who support the IT industry Association MembershipsTraining amp CertificationEvents amp Conferences and moreLanguage English SQLZooSQL tutorials assessment challenges and sources Language English Mammoth InteractiveOnline eDegrees and tutorials primarily on programming and technology Free masterclasses Courses ProgrammingData ScienceSoftware DevelopmentLanguage English Java MentorPlatform trains Java developers with mentorship online support The platform also offers practice on real cases and a Slack community for students day free trial Language Russian HexletOnline programming school for beginners and more experienced software developers Programs Front end developerPython developerPHP developerNode js developerJava and moreLanguage Russian Job Ready ProgrammerOnline platform to master Java Python Spring Framework SQL OOP Data Structures and Algorithms Video tutorials practice certification Available on subscription To develop the skills of a tech team and save time for research try Vectorly s Growth Plans which automate the process of finding a relevant source Vectorly analyzes the working activity of your team members for you and offers specific activities from the knowledge base integrated with the service All you need to do is choose between the offered recommendations and add the task to an employee s to do list The story was originally posted on Vectorly s blog	2021-12-20 12:22:19
海外TECH	DEV Community	The Ultimate Linux Cheatsheet	https://dev.to/iayeshasahar/the-ultimate-linux-cheatsheet-1caa	The Ultimate Linux Cheatsheet What is Linux From desktops to supercomputers Linux is everywhere You must have heard of it at least once right But the question is what is Linux Just like Windows and Mac it is an operating system and has been around since the s Linux is basically a Unix like Kernal based fully memory protected multitasking operating system It is open source software that runs on a wide range of hardware from PCs to even Macs What are Linux Commands A command is a program that interacts with the kernel to provide the environment and perform the functions called for by the user A command can be a built in shell commandan executable shell file known as a shell scripta source compiled object code file Basic Linux CommandsHere are a lot of basic Linux commands you can try I wanted to write some of but these are too many to be classified as some Disclaimer Some commands may not work for you correctly due to issues like missing packages differences in versions etc I did list some alternatives but if they don t work too then I ll just tell you what our course instructor tells us to do Google it historyJust type history in the terminal and it will show you a list of all commands you have used clearJust type clear in the terminal and the terminal will be cleared up OR down keyUse these keys to move back and forth between the commands you have previously used pwdIt is a short form for the present working directory It shows the folder you are currently working in man manThis command shows a manual of all the commands You can use man commandto get information about a particular command lsThis command shows all the directories and files in the pwd ls alThis command prints all the additional information of all files and directories ls RThis command prints out the sub directories of a directory too ls aThis command prints out the hidden files dirThis command prints out all available directories in the pwd cdIt is used to change directories Whenever you open the terminal the current directory would be home For example The commandcd Desktopwill let you enter the Desktop Now if you check the pwd it will be Desktop Just use cdto get back to the home directory mkdirThis command makes a new directory For example mkdir LinuxThis command will make a new directory named Linux in the pwd sudo i OR sudo s OR sudo suUse one of these commands login as root user exit OR logoutYou can logout or exit the root rm FileName txtUse this command to remove del file from a directory rmdir DirectoryNameIt is used to remove del an empty directory touchIt is used to create a new file or to change the timestamp of an existing file stat file txtUse this command to check details of any file cat gt file txtIt creates and adds data in a file Use CTRL d after you finish adding data to save the file cat file txtIt shows the contents of the file cat file txt file txt gt file txtIt adds the data of existing files file and file to a new file file cpYou can copy a file or a folder using this command Use cp file txt Directoryto copy a file to your desired directory Please note that in order to do so your pwd must be the directory the file is currently in Use cp FolderName r Directoryto copy a folder directory to another directory mvIt will move files inside your system Syntax mv FileName txt Directory headThis command prints the first ten lines of a file Syntax head FileName txt tailThis command prints the last ten lines of a file Syntax tail FileName txt unameThis command gives the name of your Linux uname aThis command gives detailed information about your Linux wgetUse wget urlto download anything from the internet apt get OR aptUse sudo apt install PackageName or sudo apt get install PackageNameto install any package removeUse sudo apt remove PackageNameto remove uninstall any package grepYou can search for a pattern in which specific words lie cat file txt grep hiThis command will search for hi in the text file mentioned and will highlight where it found hi psIt gives the list of current processes gzipIt is used to zip any file Syntax gzip FileName txt gunzipIt is used to unzip any file Syntax gunzip FileName txt compressIt is used to compress data uncompressIt is used to uncompress data cpioIt stores files on tapes to from archives tarIt is used archive files and directories and can store them on tapes zipIt is used to compress a file to zip file unzipIt is used to uncompress a file hostnameIt is used to print hostname on the terminal pingIt is used to check connectivity to a server e g ping youtube comwill ping to youtube and then print the response time wThis command displays the user details that are currently logged in the system calIt displays the calendar for the current month dateIt displays the date and time date uIt displays the date and universal time whoamiIt displays the current user name echoTo understand this let s see an example echo nameThis command will return name as the output wcIt counts the number of lines number of words and number of characters Then it displays the result in the same sequence Syntax wc file txt wc lIt counts and displays the number of lines of a file Syntax wc l file txt wc wIt counts and displays the number of words of a file Syntax wc w file txt CTRL shift cUsed for copying CTRL shift vUsed for pasting sudoUsing sudo allows a normal user to execute a command with root privilege sudo get apt updateIt is used to update the whole system locateLet s see an example to understand it s function locate hiThis command will list out all files or paths with hi in their path or file names locate cLet s see an example to understand it s function locate hiThis command will list out the number of files with hi in their path or file names ls lThis command shows a list of all users along with their default permissions sortIt sorts a file alphabetically uniqIt removes duplicate lines from a sorted file sleepProduces a delay for a specified amount of time diffThis command shows differences between files Syntax diff file txt file txt cutIt removes sections from each line of files cmpIt compares two files Syntax cmp file txt file txt whereisIt locates the binary and man page files for a command whichIt shows full path of where commands reside mdsumIt prints the MD Checksum mv to rename a fileUse mv abc txt def txtto rename a file Here the name of the file abc is changed to def echo to append textUse echo Enter your text here gt gt file txtto append any text to the end of your specified file File Editors in LinuxHere are file editors in Linux emacsThis command opens a full screen editor picoThis command opens a simple editor geditThis command opens a GUI text editor vim OR viYou can use either command to open vim The command i will let you open insert mode To exit vim Press esc keyt qTo save file Press esc keyt w FileName txt Creating and Setting Passwords for User and GroupsBy using the following commands you can create and set passwords for users and groups useradd OR adduserEither of these may work for you They add another user in the system Execute this command while logged into root If not in root use sudo before it Syntax useradd NewUser passwdIt is used to set password for a user Works only when you are logged in as root or use sudo before it Syntax passwd NewUser userdelIt is used to delete a user Works only when you are logged in as root or use sudo before it Syntax userdel NewUser cat etc passwdIt shows a list of all ubuntu users Works only when you are logged in as root groupaddIt is used to add a group Works only when you are logged in as root gpasswdIt is used to set password for a group Works only when you are logged in as root Adding users to a groupThe following command creates a new user and a new group Then adds that user to the group Syntax sudo adduser UserName GroupName groupdelIt is used to delete a group Syntax groupdel GroupName OR sudo groupdel GroupName Add existing user to an existing groupUse the following command to perform this task sudo usermod a G GroupName UserName compgen g OR cat etc groupEither of them can be used to see the list of all users and groups Granting sudo privilege to a new userAfter you create a new user via the terminal that user would not be able to do anything even while using sudo That is because the user does not have the sudo privilege Use this command to add that user to the group of sudo users or in other words to grant that user the sudo privilege sudo usermod aG sudo UserName Setting Ownerships and Permissions for Files DirectoriesBy using the following commands you can set ownership and permissions for files directories Setting ownership of filesLogin to the user who created the file whose ownership you want to modify For example user Ayesha created the file abc txt You want to modify the ownership of abc txt Now login to Ayesha You want to make another user Sahar the owner too Use the following command to achieve this sudo chown Sahar abc txt Setting file folder permissionsThere are two types of permissions Alphabetic read r write w execute x Numeric write read execute no permission Alphabetic permissions are quite simple Let s understand the numeric permissions For example chmod abc txtWe use chmod to set permissions Here we are setting permission on abc txtYou might be thinking why are there numbers That is because is the permission for user is the permission for group is the permission for others When setting permissions we do it for the above mentioned types Here another question might come to your mind how were those numbers calculated We granted the read and execute permissions to user Therefore We granted the read write and execute permissions to group Therefore To others we only granted the execute permission hence the File System Management CommandsHere are some commands used for filesystem management badblocksThis command is used to search for bad blocks block of memory which has been corrupted and can no longer be used reliably in your linux dfIt shows the free disk space on one or more filesystems duIt shows how much disk space a directory and all it s files contain fsckIt checks the filesystem Do not run this command on a mounted filesystem Syntax fsck filesystem syncThis command sunchronizes data on disk with memory It only writes the buffered data to the disk mountIt is used to mount a filesystem Syntax mount filesystem unmountIt is used to unmount a filesystem Syntax unmount filesystem FgIt is used to continue a program which was stopped and bring it to the foreground For example you stopped a music player p with the command Ctrl z In order to let it continue write the command fg p Syntax fg taskname TopIt informs the user about all the running processes on the Linux PSIt stands for Process Status This is similar to the “Task Manager that pop ups in a Windows Machine when we use Ctrl Alt Del It is similar to the “top command but the information displayed is different To check all the processes running under a user ps uxTo check the process status of a single process ps PID KillIt is used to terminate any running processes on a Linux machine PID process id of the process you want to kill must be known You can find PID by this command pidof ProcessNameYou can kill a process by this command kill PID NICERunning a lot of processes at a time can slow down the speed of some high priority processes and result in poor performance To avoid this situation you can tell your machine to prioritize processes as per your requirements This priority is called Niceness in Linux has a value between to The lower the Niceness index the higher would be a priority given to that task The default value of all the processes is To start a process with a niceness value other than the default value use the following syntax nice n Nice value ProcessNameIf there is some process already running on the system then you can Renice its value using syntax renice nice value p PID Network Management CommandsFollowing commands are used to manage networks ifconfigifconfig stands for interface configurator It is used to initialize an interface configure it with an IP address and enable or disable it It is also used to display the route and the network interface Basic information displayed upon using ifconfig IP address MAC address and MTU Maximum Transmission Unit This is how we can get the IP address of networks Ethernet local network and WLAN ifconfig ethifconfig loifconfig wlan ipThis is the latest and updated version of ifconfig command “ip a gives the details of all networks like ifconfig “ip addr can also be used to get the details of a specific interface This is how we can get the IP address of networks Ethernet local network and WLAN ip a show ethip a show loip a show wlan ip linkThis command is used for configuring adding and deleting network interfaces Use ip link show command to display all network interfaces on the system iftopThis command is used in traffic monitoring You can view the ports using the P option in command like this sudo iftop PYou can use the B command to get the data in bytes instead of bits which is shown by default iftop B tracepathLinux tracepath is similar to traceroute command It is used to detect network delays However it doesn t require root privileges It is installed in Ubuntu by default It traces the route to the specified destination and identifies each hop in it If your network is weak it recognizes the point where the network is weak tracepath google com tracerouteIt is used to troubleshoot the network It detects the delay and determines the pathway to your target It provides the names and identifies every device on the path follows the route to the destination and determines where the network latency comes from and reports it traceroute google comTo avoid the reverse DNS lookup add n in the command syntax traceroute n google comThe output indicates the network delays The asterisks shown in the output indicates a potential problem in reaching that host They indicate the packet loss during communication to the network Generally the traceroute command sends UDP packets It can as well send TCP or ICMP packets To specifically send in ICMP use this command sudo traceroute I google comTo send a variant of TCP use this command sudo traceroute T google com hostLinux host command displays the domain name for a given IP address and IP address for a given hostname It is also used to fetch DNS lookup for DNS related query host thecodingcompany hashnode devhost You can combine the host command with t and get DNS resource records like SOA NS A PTR CNAME MX SRV host t mtrThis command is a combination of ping and the traceroute command It continuously displays information regarding the packets sent with the ping time of each hop It is also used to view the network issues Syntax mtr Example mtr google comYou can use mtr with report option It sends packets to each hop that is found on the way whoisThis command is used to fetch all the information related to a website You can get all the information about a website including the registration and the owner information Syntax whois websiteNameExample whois google com ifplugstatusThis command is used to check if a cable is plugged into the network interface ifplugstatusIf the output is link beat detected this means that the cable is plugged in dnsdomainnameThis command shows the system s dns domain name hostnameThis command is used to show or set the name of your machine for networking nisdomainnameThis command is used to show or set the system s NIS YP domain name arpThis program lets the user read or modify their arp cache digThis command sends domain name query packets to name servers for debugging or testing ifdownThis command disables a network interface placing it in a state where it cannot transmit or receive data Syntax ifdown eth ifupThis command enables a network interface placing it in a state where it can transmit or receive data Syntax ifup eth showmountThis command shows mount information for an NFS server ConclusionOoops this turned out to be a very long articleBut I hope you guys find it useful Linux may seem tough and scary but deep down he s a good kid Just put an effort and you ll surely find these commands and Linux in general easy in no time Let s connect Twitter Github	2021-12-20 12:19:50
海外TECH	DEV Community	Cube Cloud Deep Dive: Mastering Pre-Aggregations	https://dev.to/cubejs/cube-cloud-deep-dive-mastering-pre-aggregations-3nb9	Cube Cloud Deep Dive Mastering Pre AggregationsWith datasets becoming enormous developers need to find new ways of making data apps fast responsive and cost effective Pre aggregations one of the most powerful features of Cube simplify this monumental feat significantly Today I want to talk about using and managing pre aggregations with Cube an open source API layer for data apps and Cube Cloud a fully managed platform that runs and scales Cube apps in production I want to give you a detailed insight into what pre aggregations are which scenarios you might encounter while working with them and how both self hosted Cube and Cube Cloud can help in solving them What are Pre AggregationsPre aggregations are condensed versions of the source data They are materialized ahead of time and persisted as tables separately from the raw data Querying pre aggregations reduces the execution time as the queried data is orders of magnitude smaller than the raw data Pre aggregations are highly recommended to be used in virtually any Cube app in production Let s talk about popular scenarios you might encounter while working with pre aggregations How to Store Pre AggregationsPre aggregation data should be stored separately from the raw data The recommended way is to store pre aggregations in Cube Store a purposefully built and performant storage layer How do you set up and run Cube Store Self hosted Cube When developing Cube apps locally and running Cube in dev mode you don t need to set up anything Cube Store will run automatically within the Cube process and pre aggregation data will be stored as files under the cubestore directory Running Cube in production will require setting up more complex infrastructure You need an API instance a refresh worker a Redis instance as well as a Cube Store cluster that will consist of a single router node and at least a couple of worker nodes If needed you ll scale Cube Store by adding more worker nodes You can find a Kubernetes deployment example in the docs and a Helm chart example on GitHub that might help you to set everything up on premise or in a cloud provider of your choice like AWS or GCP Cube Cloud When developing and running Cube apps in Cube Cloud you can use readily available managed infrastructure that includes a Cube Store cluster Cube Cloud will automatically scale the Cube Store cluster as needed and allocate other services such as a refresh worker once you select Cluster mode in Settings How to Create a Pre AggregationQueries won t be accelerated until pre aggregations are defined and built Self hosted Cube You can write the pre aggregation definition by hand Please see the docs on pre aggregation definitions in the data schema where every parameter is explained However what I like doing is to run the query I want to accelerate first Then use the Rollup Designer by clicking on the Query was not accelerated with pre aggregation → link to configure a pre aggregation definition In the Members section you see the measures dimensions and time dimensions the pre aggregation will be configured to accelerate These need to match the query in order for it to be accelerated You can make sure to get a match in the Query Compatibility tab You can make further improvements to the pre aggregation s performance with partitions refreshing and incremental builds Once you re happy with the configuration in the Rollup Designer click the Add to the Data Schema button to add the pre aggregation to the schema file Cube Cloud The process is exactly the same for Cube Cloud with one added convenience You can also use Rollup Designer on the Schema page when you re working with the data schema How to Build Pre AggregationsPre aggregations are built on demand or based on a schedule The build process always takes time Self hosted Cube Pre aggregation builds can be triggered in two ways either by a Cube refresh worker or on demand when the Cube API instance gets a query that matches a pre aggregation definition In the latter case the API will trigger a build of the pre aggregation and be stuck waiting for it to finish in order to return a value You do not want this to happen ever A Cube refresh worker will trigger pre aggregation builds periodically and make sure Cube Store always has pre aggregations ready and waiting to be queried Cube Cloud Enabling the warm up of pre aggregations before deploying the API will make sure to first build all pre aggregations before deploying a new version of the API You do this under Settings →Resources by enabling the Warm up pre aggregations before deploy API toggle You can also build pre aggregations manually with the Build All button or select individual partitions to build This is helpful when you explicitly need to re build pre aggregations It might be because you deployed a new version of your Cube app or you edited an existing pre aggregation definition Another option might be if you decide to disable warming up the pre aggregations before deploying the API How to Optimize Pre Aggregation Build TimesThe time it takes to build pre aggregations can vary based on the size of the partitions The bigger a partition is the longer it will take to build Additionally a major pitfall is not having detailed insight into when pre aggregation builds are triggered and how long they took Self hosted Cube The two key factors that improve pre aggregation build times are the partitionGranularity and refreshKey parameters The partitionGranularity defines a partition based on a time dimension A partition is a shard of data The process of partitioning will shard data into multiple tables If you set the partitionGranularity month it will partition the data into one table per month Partitioning is a huge performance improvement for pre aggregation build and refresh times This is improved further by incrementally refreshing only the last set of partitions It leads to less data being re built meaning faster builds with reduced cost The refreshKey parameter is by default set to every hour We set it to every hour by default as it fits most generic use cases Having a refreshKey with an every field defines the frequency with which the pre aggregation is rebuilt Every hour would mean on the hour every hour Meaning at AM AM AM and so on Adding the incremental true parameter will refresh the most recent partition which is incredibly useful if you are working with historical data that won t change Lastly adding a updateWindow day means going back for a specified amount of time and refreshing the partitions that fit into that time frame Cube Cloud Building pre aggregations without partitionGranularity takes longer than building them as partitions Using a pre aggregation definition with partitioning versus without partitioning does not look very different In the sample below you can see that adding partitioning only requires three lines of code countCreatedAtByDay measures Orders count dimensions Orders status refreshKey every hour updateWindow day refresh partitions in this timeframe incremental true only refresh the most recent partition partitionGranularity month adds partitioning by month timeDimension Orders createdAt granularity day However the build times speak for themselves Additionally you get detailed insight into when pre aggregations were last built and exactly how long the builds took How to Check the Status of Pre Aggregations and PartitionsAfter adding pre aggregation definitions to your schema you need to be aware if pre aggregations have been successfully built Not knowing pre aggregation build history if partitions were built at all and when how long the builds took can all negatively impact user experience If you have multiple pre aggregations with different or complex refreshKeys you need to know how up to date the pre aggregated data is and when the pre aggregation is going to be rebuilt This will make sure your users are seeing up to date data with peak performance at all times Self hosted Cube The Cube refresh worker and Cube Store routers log the state of pre aggregations You can see when the execution loading or saving of a pre aggregation happens This is what a sample log from the Cube Store routers looks like Executing Load Pre Aggregation SQL scheduler bdf c a afceebf SELECT orders status orders status date trunc day orders created at timestamptz AT TIME ZONE UTC orders created at day count orders id orders count FROM public orders AS orders WHERE orders created at gt T Z timestamptz AND orders created at lt T Z timestamptz GROUP BY INFO cubestore cluster lt pid gt Running job completed ms IdRow id row Job row reference Table Tables job type TableImportCSV temp dev pre aggregations orders main zipqc sntekhp gjgtvi csv gz last heart beat T Z status Completed Cube Store supports a subset of MySQL protocol It exposes port You can use the standard MySQL CLI client to connect to Cube Store or any other client compatible with the MySQL protocol You connect to Cube Store with the MySQL CLI client like this mysql h lt CUBESTORE IP gt user cubestore pcubestoreOnce connected to the MySQL CLI run this SQL command to see which tables are stored in Cube Store mysql gt SELECT FROM information schema tables table schema table name dev pre aggregations orders main qjmft nmigs gjgraf dev pre aggregations orders main uobzqlem szhmu gjgrag dev pre aggregations orders main wslzhgsp qyhuclp gjgrah dev pre aggregations orders main saakqgn gsqjl gjgrai dev pre aggregations orders main uuqipc eserpdse gjgrai dev pre aggregations orders main recoxqse pwslyqod gjgraj dev pre aggregations orders main yfsmnjz qltjwz gjgraj dev pre aggregations orders main frhjqyg hevti gjgrak dev pre aggregations orders main zceilsss saxibkj gjgral dev pre aggregations orders main bykzagbx frtvmhn gjgral dev pre aggregations orders main ooxvqjhl rikgvlq gjgram dev pre aggregations orders main lzevnw tuydtz gjgran dev pre aggregations orders main qjkvn apusbfpo gjgrjb dev pre aggregations orders main irjglj vhtdnq gjgrjb dev pre aggregations orders main sbfvwh jbkncn gjgrjb dev pre aggregations orders main wzxpxmyl qsyhswd gjgrjb dev pre aggregations orders main zjjntl ckuixv gjgrjb dev pre aggregations orders main ekkyobcj uldmr gjgrjb dev pre aggregations orders main cbcpup tmvrant gjgrjb dev pre aggregations orders main gmqrnxo igluczp gjgrjb dev pre aggregations orders main jkmnnak msfmdqko gjgrjb dev pre aggregations orders main vfcrnd gpbrwfj gjgrjb dev pre aggregations orders main rozclrd tnefwhv gjgrjb dev pre aggregations orders main cpzu egsbpt gjgrjb rows in set sec Cube Cloud goes a step further and simplifies the use of pre aggregations significantly If you select the pre aggregations tab you can view all your pre aggregations in one place This lets you view build history partitions build times refresh times indices and much more How to Track Pre Aggregation Build History Over TimeHaving a detailed history of when pre aggregation builds happen can help determine issues with stale data or even failing builds Self hosted Cube When a Cube Refresh Worker triggers a pre aggregation build and Cube Store runs the actual build it will always log a message with a timestamp But these logs are ephemeral and can often get lost in the stdout stream You can tail these logs and track build history over time However a much better option would be to use a custom logger like Winston or dedicated log monitoring agent like Fluentbit to forward these logs to a central location like Elasticsearch or any Log Management tool on the market Here s a guide from our docs showing how to forward logs to Loggly Cube Store simplifies this process by giving you a Build History tab to get a list of when every pre aggregation build happened You can also see the anatomy of pre aggregation names on hover How to Preview Pre Aggregation DataEven though you know pre aggregation builds are successful you still don t know if the data is valid You need a way to preview the tables and their content in Cube Store to be absolutely sure Self hosted Cube You can preview the pre aggregation tables the same way you looked into the state of pre aggregations by connecting to Cube Store with the MySQL CLI client or any other client you prefer Use a SELECT command to see the content of a pre aggregation table mysql gt select from dev pre aggregations orders main aywads sntekhp gjkdh orders status orders created at day orders count completed T Z completed T Z completed T Z processing T Z shipped T Z shipped T Z shipped T Z shipped T Z shipped T Z rows in set sec In the example above the pre aggregation table is stored in Cube Store Alternatively you can also store pre aggregation data in cloud storage like AWS S or GCS To view the data access the S or GCS bucket directly through your cloud provider Sadly previewing pre aggregation tables in Cube Store is rarely done when using self hosted Cube simply because there are a few hoops to jump through Cube Cloud makes it much easier with a dedicated Preview tab that s visible after drilling down to a single pre aggregation Can you see the similarity to the sample drawing from the beginning of the article You can clearly see how rows are grouped similarly to how a GROUP BY statement works in SQL How to Serve Requests Only from Pre AggregationsServing requests solely from pre aggregations is a great way to keep query latency low but there is a significant overhead you need to be aware of in order to enable it You need to have a Cube cluster configured with a Cube refresh worker and a Cube Store cluster This ensures pre aggregations are always available for queries It s not before then you can set the Cube API instance to only return data from pre aggregations Self hosted Cube You use the CUBEJS ROLLUP ONLY environment variable and set it to true in the Cube API instance This prevents serving data from the source database and building pre aggregations on demand Cube Cloud You enable the Rollup Only Mode toggle in the settings ConclusionSelf hosted Cube deployments are equipped with a decent set of tools and options to work with pre aggregations However Cube Cloud provides a few additional tools as well as the managed infrastructure to make working with pre aggregations hassle free You can register for Cube Cloud right away I d love to hear your feedback about Cube Cloud in the Cube Community Slack Click here to join Until next time stay curious and have fun coding Also feel free to leave Cube a on GitHub if you liked this article ️	2021-12-20 12:19:14
海外TECH	DEV Community	GraphQL Code Generator with TypeScript and Prisma models	https://dev.to/the-guild/graphql-code-generator-with-typescript-and-prisma-models-4616	GraphQL Code Generator with TypeScript and Prisma modelsThis article was published on by Gilad Tidhar The Guild Blog IntroductionGraphQL has some amazing tools that can make your life easier One of those tools is GraphQL Code Generator which helps you create types and more based on your GraphQL schema If you re creating a GraphQL server you d probably want to have a database behind it with somthing like Prisma So how can you use Prisma for your database and still use the GraphQL Codegen this article covers the process of using Prisma with GraphQL Code Generator and the configuration flags that will boost your developer experience Prisma What is Prisma Prisma is an open source fully typed next generation ORM It consists of the following parts Prisma Client Auto generated and type safe query builder for Node js amp TypeScriptPrisma Migrate Migration systemPrisma Studio GUI to view and edit data in your databaseEach Prisma project has a schema which it used to define its models Every project that uses a tool from the Prisma toolkit starts with a Prisma schema file The Prisma schema allows developers to define their application models in an intuitive data modeling language Why Prisma Prisma s main goal is to make application developers more productive when working with databases Here are a few examples of how Prisma achieves this Thinking in objects instead of mapping relational data Queries not classes to avoid complex model objects Single source of truth for database and application models Healthy constraints that prevent common pitfalls and antipatterns An abstraction that makes the right thing easy pit of success Type safe database queries that can be validated at compile time Less boilerplate so developers can focus on the important parts of their appAuto completion in code editors instead of needing to look up documentationA tutorial about how to get started with Prisma GraphQL Code GeneratorThe GraphQL Code Generator is an easy way to create type saftey with your GraphQL project It automatically generates TypeScript types based on your GraphQL schema This is very useful because it reduces the chances to write mistakes and you can locate bugs at build time For example here is an example for JavaScript TypeScript resolver without the codegen as you can see we need to give everything a type const resolver Query feed async parent unknown args filter string skip number take number context GraphQLContext gt But with the codegen the manual types are no longer needed because it genereates the types so typescript will now know which TypeScript types to use and validate import Resolvers from generated graphql const resolvers Resolvers Query feed async parent args context gt As you can see now that the resolvers are typed we don t need to define types for each resolver If you are new to GraphQL Codegen you can follow a tutorial about how to get started with GraphQL codegenYou can also find here a blog post about how to use GraphQL Code Generator with the typescript resolvers plugin Benefits of writing fully typed code Better code completion and syntax highlighting You can get hints and documentation inside your IDE while you code This reduces the likelihood of making incorrect assumptions about the behavior of specific functions methods It s easier to find things For any variable or function you can easily jump to its class definition without leaving the IDE and without having to know anything about the directory structure of the project Conversely for any class or function definition you can easily and unambiguously see where that class or function is used in your code and jump to it without leaving the IDE Statically typed languages make it easier for IDEs to do this Static typing makes it easier to work with relational databases and other systems which also rely on static types ーIt helps you catch type mismatches sooner at compile time It can help reduce the likelihood of some kinds of errors For example in dynamically typed languages if you re not careful with sanitising user input you can end up doing weird stuff like for example trying to add a number with the string “ and you would get the string “ as a result instead of the number that you were expecting Using GraphQL codegen and Prisma togetherAfter learning the benefits of Prisma and GraphQL codegen you might want to use both together But theres a few problems Name ConflictsThe Prisma models and the GraphQL models might conflict with each other This is because the GraphQL codegen automatically uses the types from the GraphQL schema and Prisma automatically generates types from your Prisma models If your GraphQL schema is using type User and your Prisma model is using model User you might have a naming conflict Database types GraphQL typesThe types for your database and not the same as your GraphQL types In your GraphQL layer you might take different limitations constraints than you have in your database For example some prisma operations get arguments which are for filtering and paginating now if you have this type of filter in your GraphQL schema it might look something like this type Query feed filter String skip Int take Int Feed As you can see the arguments filter skip and take are nullable which means that GraphQL will send them as null if left without value Whats the problem with this Well for filtering and paginating prisma takes arguments which either have a value or are undefined but not null This is a problem for us because the type the codegen uses for maybe values by default values that are nullable could be null null undefined T How do we fix this Well for the first problem the code generator has an option called mappers Using a mapper gives you the option to map one type to another This option helps us with our problem because we can just tell the codegen to use the Prisma models instead of the default types generated from the GraphQL schema The second fix is a configuration flag called inputMaybeValue Nullable types are represented by Maybe in the GraphQL codegen The inputMaybeValue lets you change the types that arguments can be Using the two configuration flags mentioned above we can tell GraphQL codegen what TypeScript types to generate and how to map the GraphQL types to Prisma models Using mappersMappers are actually really easy to use all you need to do is add them to your codegen yml For exapmle lets say I have a Prisma model which is called User and my GraphQL schema also uses a type User For my project to work with its database it needs to use the Prisma model instead of the GraphQL one so I should map my User model from prisma to my User type in GraphQL Here s an example schema http localhost graphqldocuments src graphql graphqlgenerates graphql generated ts plugins typescript operations typescript resolvers config mappers User prisma client User as UserModelUnder the mappers you can see we take the GraphQL User type and set it to be using the exported type automatically created by Prisma We set it to be named UserModel so it won t conflict with the GraphQL definition of the GraphQL User type Using inputMaybeValueinputMaybeValue is fairly simple to use just add it under codegen yml config file schema http localhost graphqldocuments src graphql graphqlgenerates graphql generated ts plugins typescript operations typescript resolvers config mappers User prisma client User as UserModel inputMaybeValue undefined TNow the default value to inputMaybe The type of nullable arguments will be either undefined or T leading to an easy type compatibility between your GraphQL input arguments and the Prisma SDK requirements What now Now run GraphQL Codegen and the Prisma Codegen and you should get a fully typed resolver Here s an example import Resolvers from generated graphql const resolvers Resolvers Query user async parent args context gt Codegen will generate Resolvers type and will expect you to return here an object of Prisma s User model return context prisma user findOne id args id User name user gt return user first name user last name	2021-12-20 12:08:47
海外TECH	DEV Community	GraphQL AuthZ - GraphQL Authorization layer	https://dev.to/the-guild/graphql-authz-graphql-authorization-layer-5fca	GraphQL AuthZ GraphQL Authorization layerThis article was published on by Dmitry Til The Guild BlogToday we are excited to introduce GraphQL AuthZ a new open source library for adding authorization layers in different GraphQL architectures IntroGraphQL AuthZ is a flexible modern way of adding an authorization layer on top of your existing GraphQL microservices or monolith backend systems It plays well with both code first and schema first SDL development supports different ways of attaching authorization rules has zero dependencies in the core package aside from a peer dependency on graphql js and keeps the schema clean from any authorization logic Also GraphQL AuthZ has integration examples for all major GraphQL frameworks and libraries Let s dig a little deeper and break down the core features and how they can help you improve your GraphQL developer experience How does it work GraphQL AuthZ wraps the graphql js execution phase and runs logic for enforcing defined authorization rules before and after this phase The key function from graphql js that is responsible for running the execution logic is named execute This simplified pseudo code describes how the GraphQL AuthZ hooks into the process by wrapping the execute function import execute as originalExecute from graphql function execute args const preExecutionErrors runPreExecutionRules args if preExecutionErrors return preExecutionErrors const result originalExecute args const postExecutionErrors runPostExecutionRules args result if postExecutionErrors return postExecutionErrors return result By wrapping existing functionality we gain the following key benefits Compatibility with modern GraphQL technologies providing ways to wrap the graphql js execute function Here are a few working examples for Envelop GraphQL Helix Apollo Server and express graphql The executable GraphQL schema does not contain any authorization logic allowing more flexible re usage for other use cases Authorization rules can be added on top of an existing remote GraphQL schema GraphQL AuthZ can be added as a layer on your GraphQL gateway that composes smaller subgraphs into one big graph Separation of the authorization logic into two phases The pre execution phase for static authorization rules based on the context and incoming operation The post execution phase for flexible authorization rules based on the execution result Failing early in the pre execution phaseWith GraphQL AuthZ it s possible to execute authorization logic before any of the resolvers have been executed This empowers you to fail the request in the early stage send back an error and reduce server workload This technique works the best for authorization logic that is not dependent on remote data sources For example checking if the user is authenticated or has some certain role or permission creating pre execution rulesconst IsAuthenticated preExecRule context gt context user const IsEditor preExecRule context gt context roles has editor However if you need the flexibility for fetching data from a remote source such as a database before you can determine whether an operation should be executed you still have the power to leverage those data sources with async code This technique is a perfect fit for mutation fields as you want to avoid executing the mutation operation if the user has insufficient permissions e g he does not own a specific resource user can only publish a post if he owns itconst CanPublishPost preExecRule async context fieldArgs gt const post await db posts get fieldArgs postId return post authorId context user id Using the GraphQL schema as a data sourceBy pursuing the GraphQL AuthZ approach your executable schema does not contain any authorization logic This simplifies using the executable schema as a data source For example instead of calling a remote database using an interface attached to our context object directly the graphql function from graphql js package could be called with the executable schema as an argument along with graphql operation By doing this the authorization layer is not dependent on the underlying database s its architecture and ORM s It is dependent only on the GraphQL schema which is a dependency of the GraphQL authorization layer by design using schema as a data source inside pre execution ruleconst CanPublishPost preExecRule async context fieldArgs gt const graphQLResult await graphql schema context schema source query post postId ID post id postId author id variableValues postId fieldArgs postId const post graphQLResult data post return post amp amp post author id context user id Authorization logic could require any kind of data fetched from different databases or micro services Some data points could even be resolved by third party microservices or APIs that are not part of the composed graph By using the GraphQL schema as the data source authorization rules don t need to be aware of complex implementation details or directly connect to different databases or microservices This makes GraphQL AuthZ extremely powerful especially for subgraphs in a microservice architecture with centralized gateway level authorization All the subschemas could live without any authorization logic and a federated or stitched gateway can leverage GraphQL AuthZ for actually applying global authorization logic for the whole graph while leveraging the graph for fetching the data required for doing so without having to be aware of GraphQL resolver implementation details Reduce remote procedure calls with post execution rulesIn addition to the pre execution rules GraphQL AuthZ also allows you to write post execution rules Fetching remote data from within authorization rules is powerful but it adds overhead and requires additional network roundtrips In most cases the data required for performing authorization logic is closely related to entities fetched via the GraphQL operation selection set You can avoid this by performing authorization logic based on the execution result in the post execution phase In your post execution rules you can specify a selection set for fetching additional data related to the rule target that is required for running the rule For example if your rule is attached to some object field it could require additional information about sibling fields with their relations creating post execution ruleconst CanReadPost postExecRule selectionSet status author id context fieldArgs post parent gt post status public post author id context user id By using this technique we reduce remote procedure calls to individual data sources by executing authorization logic on top of GraphQL execution result that is enriched with the additional data specified by the authorization rules Since related data is often stored in the same place it can be fetched from a data source in one roundtrip via the GraphQL schema instead of performing one remote procedure call for the authorization and one call for the actual data populating MicroservicesWith GraphQL AuthZ it is possible to implement a centralized gateway authorization layer as well as microservice level authorization You can choose between storing the whole authorization schema in a holistic way on a stitched or federated gateway or having dedicated authorization schemas for each subgraph schema specified by your services It is even possible to mix both approaches “Shifting this configuration out of the gateway makes subschemas autonomous and allows them to push their own configuration up to the gatewayーenabling more sophisticated schema releases ーschema stitching handbookThe graphql authz directive package provides a GraphQL directive that can be used to annotate types and fields within your subschemas SDL and a configuration transformer that can be used on the gateway to convert the subschema directives into explicit authorization settings using authz directivetype User id ID email String authz rules IsAdmin posts Post type Post authz rules CanReadPost id ID title String body String status Status author User type Query users User authz rules IsAuthenticated post id ID Post type Mutation publishPost postId ID Post authz rules CanPublishPost On top of that directives can as well be used in monolith architecture If you are not pursuing a schema first SDL development flow and are more a fan of the code first approach which does not let you specify directives without framework specific voodoo magic the authorization schema can also be described as a plain JSON object Allowing you to specify the rules that should be executed on your object types interfaces and fields defining auth schemaconst authSchema Post authz rules CanReadPost User email authz rules IsAdmin Mutation publishPost authz rules CanPublishPost Query users authz rules IsAuthenticated wildcards are supported read more wildcard rules authz rules Reject authz rules IsAuthenticated Comparing GraphQL AuthZ with GraphQL ShieldGraphQL Shield is a great tool for creating authorization layers that has vast adoption from the community In fact GraphQL AuthZ is highly inspired by GraphQL Shield However GraphQL Shield uses a different approach compared to GraphQL AuthZ for applying authorization rules The main difference is GraphQL Shield uses field middleware by wrapping all the resolver functions within your GraphQL schema for executing authorization logic during the data resolving phase while GraphQL AuthZ wraps the entire execute logic The benefits of the wrapping approach are described in previous paragraphs however there are also some drawbacks For example with GraphQL AuthZ post execution rules there is no ability to fail the request early because post execution rules are executed after all resolvers are executed GraphQL Shield on the other hand can fail the request during the execution phase which happens before the post execution phase but later than the pre execution phase On the other hand post execution rules have the benefit of accessing the resolved value of the field they are specified on and furthermore even the sibling fields that are specified via the rules selection set The middleware approach of GraphQL shield is missing these possibilities because authorization logic is executed in the context of field resolvers and has access only to the parent object which is the value returned from the parent field resolver At that stage the wrapped field resolvers have not been executed yet Another feature in GraphQL Shield is the built in contextual caching mechanism for rules At the moment GraphQL AuthZ has no built in caching but you can implement it yourself within the GraphQL AuthZ rules or in the future caching could even become a built in feature pull requests are more than welcome Which approach to choose Let s wrap up all the use cases mentioned above and also give a library recommendation If you have very few places that should be covered by authorization and you don t plan to increase such places you can just add authorization logic right inside resolvers to not overcomplicate things If all of your authorization logic doesn t depend on the data and shouldn t perform complex calculations you can use operation field permissions Envelop plugin If your authorization logic contains some calculations which are the same for many fields of your schema you can use GraphQL Shield to leverage the built in contextual caching mechanism If your authorization logic heavily depends on the data or you want to use schema directives to attach auth rules you can use GraphQL AuthZ to leverage the GraphQL schema as a data source pattern and post execution rules ConclusionGraphQL AuthZ is a new approach for applying GraphQL native authorization We are happy that we can finally share this library with the community and keen to learn about the ways it might be used within your next project Don t hesitate to contact us for questions or to evaluate whether this library might be a fit for your architecture Please check out the GraphQL AuthZ repository on GitHub for learning more You can find a tutorial on how to set it up in different ways and with different technologies The repository also contains the following ready to run examples Apollo Server schema first directives Apollo Server code first extensions express graphql schema first directives GraphQL Helix schema first authSchema Envelop schema first directives TypeGraphQL code first extensions NestJS code first directives Schema Stitching gateway directives Apollo Federation gateway authSchema	2021-12-20 12:06:40
海外TECH	DEV Community	GraphQL Authentication with Envelop and Auth0	https://dev.to/the-guild/graphql-authentication-with-envelop-and-auth0-2cie	GraphQL Authentication with Envelop and AuthThis article was published on by Laurin Quast The Guild BlogAuthentication in the process of identifying who is trying to access our API Building our own solution can be hard and cause severe security issue if done wrong In recent years third party authentication providers became quite popular One of those is Auth which comes with an exceptional free plan allowing up to active users and unlimited logins making it one of the best available solutions for getting started In this guide we will go through all the steps required for integrating authentication into an existing envelop setup using the envelop auth package PrerequisitesIdeally you already have your basic envelop setup with your http framework of choice This guide we will be based on the graphql helix fastify example but the code can be easily transferred to any other example as listed on our Integrations and Examples documentation In case you are hitting any roadblocks feel free to reach out to us via the chat box on this page The full code of the end result is also available in our examples graphql helix auth fastify example Installing dependenciesWe start by installing the package into our envelop setup with your favorite Package manager yarn install E envelop auth Adding the Auth Plugin to the Envelop setupimport useAuth from envelop auth other imports and codeconst getEnveloped envelop plugins useSchema schema useAuth domain TODO audience TODO extendContextField auth server codeLet s break down the code There are several configuration options we need to pass to the plugin domain The domain of the Auth server we need to communicate with for authenticating a user We will fill this out in the next step audience The audience is the identifier of the API and is forwarded to Auth in order to specify for which API we are trying to authenticate our user for E g if our API is hosted on http localhost graphql we would pass that value We will fill this out in the next step extendContextField Once a user got successfully authenticated the authentication information is added on the context object under this field In our resolvers we can then access the authentication information via context auth sub Setting up the Auth APIIn order to properly configure the useAuth plugin we need the domain and audience values We will retrieve them by setting and configuring Auth from scratch If didn t already sign up for Auth you should do it now on Auth Sign Up Since you can sign up with your GitHub or Google Account it should be super fast After logging in navigate to the Auth dashboard and from there to the APIs page where we will click the Create API button Choose any name for the API we are going with Envelop Demo for this example The Identifier field should be set to the URL of our GraphQL API We are hosting our API on localhost and set it to the host and port on which our fastify helix server is served which is http localhost graphql For production you should instead set it to the URL of the production server We can ignore the Signing Algorithm option and go with the pre set value Once everything is filled out properly we can click the Create button Now we already have one of the missing config options we needed audience which is equal to the URL we just entered http localhost graphql The domain value is a bit hidden but we can find it on the detail page of the API we just created on the Test tab It will vary depending on your account name and region but in general it follows this pattern account name region auth comThis is our domain configuration value Let s quickly add this information to our envelop setup import useAuth from envelop auth other imports and codeconst getEnveloped envelop plugins useSchema schema useAuth domain account name region auth com audience http localhost graphql extendContextField auth We now have all the information needed for configuring the envelop plugin However we did not yet setup an application that is required for users to authenticate in the browser But before doing so let s verify that the plugin is doing what it should do Expose authentication information via GraphQL schemaBefore we start our server we should add some types and fields to our schema in order to query for the authentication information The complete code should look like this The quickest way of building a schema import makeExecutableSchema from graphql tools schema const schema makeExecutableSchema typeDefs GraphQL Describes the authentication object as provided by Auth type AuthenticationInfo String that uniquely identifies an authenticated user sub String type Query The authentication information of the request authInfo AuthenticationInfo resolvers Query authInfo source args context return context auth Then we can start our server The helix fastify server can be started via yarn start C Users laurin Projects envelop examples graphql helix gt yarn startyarn run v ts node index tsGraphQL server is running Next we are going to execute a query on the GraphiQL instance exposed on http localhost graphql query authInfo sub As expected the value of the authInfo field is null as we are not passing any authentication headers along with our request Generating an Auth Access TokenIn order to retrieve an access token we first need to set up an Auth application and an authentication route For the sake of this guide and in order to reduce complexity we will simply add an route to our fastify http server that renders some HTML with a lt script gt tag that invokes the Auth JavaScript SDK referenced via a CDN and then appends the authentication token to the document body It should still give you a feeling how you can integrate the Auth SDK with your favorite Frontend Framework If you are using Next js you should check out nextjs auth Let s go back into the Auth interface on the Applications page Press the Create application button enter a name of your choice e g Envelop Example Single Page Web and select the Single Page Web Applications application type Confirm by pressing the Create button We will be redirected to the Application detail page The first important information we need from there is the Application Client ID We need that string for configuring the Auth SDKOn that page we also need to switch to the Settings tab as we will have to adjust our application URL settings Our application is hosted on http localhost We will have to set the Allowed Callback URLs Allowed Logout URLs and Allowed Web Origins setting to that value http localhost Don t forget to save the changes with the Save Changes button at the end of the page Next we add the new route in our fastify setup envelop setup app route method GET url async handler req res res header Content Type text html charset UTF res send HTML lt DOCTYPE html gt lt html gt lt head gt lt script src gt lt script gt lt head gt lt body gt lt script gt createAuthClient domain account name region auth com client id lt client id gt audience http localhost graphql then async auth gt await auth loginWithPopup const accessToken await auth getTokenSilently window document body innerText accessToken lt script gt lt body gt lt html gt As mentioned before it is not that fancy After restarting the server and opening http localhost URL we should see a blank page and an Auth LogIn pop up After a successful login the authentication token is added to the blank page Let s copy that one and move back to our GraphiQL instance Sending an Authenticated RequestIn the Request Headers tab we can specify our Authorization header in the following format Authorization Bearer lt access token gt Then after re executing the operation we see that the result now contains our authentication information data authInfo sub google oauth Next StepsCongratulations on successfully implementing authentication for your GraphQL API with Envelop and Auth The full code of this guide can be found in our Envelop examples More information about advanced configuration options can be found on the useAuth PluginHub page In the GraphQL schema of this guide we only re expose the auth authentication information For a true registration flow the user information should be persisted via a register mutation or similar so additional information such as first and last name is stored within a database A full user object could be loaded when building the context via the useExtendContext plugin const getEnveloped envelop plugins useSchema schema useAuth authConfig useExtendContext async context gt if context auth return user await context db loadUserBySub context auth sub return Learn more about all the other features you can easily add to your GraphQL setup over on the Envelop Docs We are continously adding adding new plugins that allow solving hard problems with ease Another new plugin that is being cooked up in the lab is the operation complexity plugin which allows rate limiting of operations sent to your server based on a score calculated from the selection set If you are building a public GraphQL API you don t wanna miss out on this Help us shaping the plugin by dropping feedback over the the Draft PR for the Operation Complexity Plugin or contact us via the Chat below We are curious about your feedback und use cases	2021-12-20 12:06:09
Apple	AppleInsider - Frontpage News	French media talks to Apple management in Apple Park tour	https://appleinsider.com/articles/21/12/20/french-media-talks-to-apple-management-in-apple-park-tour?utm_medium=rss	French media talks to Apple management in Apple Park tourFrench media were recently given a tour of Apple Park the iPhone maker s Cupertino headquarters which served as a background for conversations with members of Apple s senior management The french language tour of Apple Park s campus by TF gave a rare chance for members of the media to visit the headquarters amid the continuing COVID pandemic While it didn t provide that much of a look inside the billion campus that people may want the video offered french users an overview of where Apple currently stands Journalists and crew in attendance were constantly accompanied throughout the visit as per Apple s usual culture of secrecy with doors kept shut and locations negotiated before filming commenced Read more	2021-12-20 12:29:46
Apple	AppleInsider - Frontpage News	How to get $10 in Amazon credit with the purchase of a $100 Apple Gift Card	https://appleinsider.com/articles/21/11/28/black-friday-deal-get-15-in-amazon-credit-with-100-apple-gift-card?utm_medium=rss	How to get in Amazon credit with the purchase of a Apple Gift CardGet a little extra when you purchase an Apple Gift Card worth or more through Amazon with a new offer giving you in Amazon credit while supplies last If you want to gift a loved one some funds to use on Apple s services or even to use for yourself this deal from Amazon may be just what you re looking for If you buy an Apple Gift Card valued at or more from Amazon using the coupon code APPLEDIGITAL then you will receive a Amazon credit The Apple Gift Card can be applied to an account and used to pay towards goods and services This includes buying apps and in app purchases as well as for Apple s various subscriptions Read more	2021-12-20 12:15:39
Apple	AppleInsider - Frontpage News	Google strikes deal to restore Disney networks to YouTube TV	https://appleinsider.com/articles/21/12/19/google-strikes-deal-to-restore-disney-networks-to-youtube-tv?utm_medium=rss	Google strikes deal to restore Disney networks to YouTube TVFollowing a brief outage YouTube TV is regaining access to Disney channels with the media giant and Google reaching a deal to provide subscribers with the Disney owned networks After failing to reach an agreement on Friday to allow Google s YouTube TV to provide customers with access to Disney properties on its channel roster the channels were pulled from view on Saturday Barely hours later and the situation has reversed Google and Disney have hammered out a new agreement for Disney s programming to be shown to YouTube TV subscribers Access to Disney networks including ESPN and FX including both live and on demand content are slowly being restored to users along with any recordings users had in their library Read more	2021-12-20 12:16:56
海外TECH	Engadget	The Morning After: Adidas' first NFT drop made $23 million	https://www.engadget.com/the-morning-after-adidas-first-nft-drop-made-23-million-121350956.html?src=rss	The Morning After Adidas x first NFT drop made millionIf you ve started to generally understand the ebbs and flows of cryptocurrencies the volatility of Bitcoin and the rest and started to comprehend why blockchain tech has a big future beyond Dogecoin well it probably means you re late to the NFT party Non fungible tokens are well unique That s what non fungible means They re sort of like a digital trading card in a lot of ways These digital goods are shaking up the art world sports collectibles and many other fields And you re late to the party because well Adidas is making bank and Nike is chasing the NFT bucks as well We have a deeper dive on NFTs right here Over the weekend Adidas first NFT effort made over million in Ethereum from a million Early Access phase and million in general sales It wasn t entirely smooth sailing ーAdidas had to halt early transactions due to a technical hitch It did however prove there s an audience for NFT collaborations starting with this partnership with Bored Ape Yacht Club an existing collection of Bored Ape NFTs ーMat Smith nbsp Due to shortages Microsoft used Xbox dev kits to run a Halo Infinite tournamentSupply chain constraints MicrosoftA Kotaku report over the weekend explains how Microsoft had to use Xbox Series X dev kits to run the first major Halo Infinite tournament the Halo Championship Series Raleigh Major this weekend Sadly the company couldn t find enough retail consoles to use ーthe quot global supply chain shortage is real quot Industries eSports lead Tahir Hasandjekic said Continue reading New Toyota cars don t include remote starting on key fobsYou ll have to use the mobile app but it should be free Current Toyota drivers might not be thrilled about having to subscribe just to remotely start from their key fobs but what about new buyers There s mixed news The automaker told Roadshow in a statement that remote starting won t be available on key fobs for new vehicles Drivers will have to use the brand s mobile app in other words With that said they may not ever have to pay for the feature Some model year and newer vehicles include a year trial instead of the much shorter three year trial offered before these models For older Toyota owners however it won t really assuage their frustrations Continue reading GM s first Hummer EV is hereThe supertruck kicks off GM s next EV wave GM has started deliveries of the Hummer EV as promised with its first quot supertruck quot an Edition rolling off the line at Factory Zero in Hamtramck Michigan The automaker didn t name the initial customer who definitely paid for bragging rights given the Edition s sticker Maybe GM should get into NFTs Continue reading Amazon scraps new ban on phones in warehouses until further notice Deadly tornadoes may have led Amazon to reconsider its plans Amazon has confirmed it ll back off its efforts to ban personal phones in its warehouses Staff were told on December th they could keep their phones at hand quot until further notice quot The company banned phones in warehouses for years but eased its approach as the COVID pandemic hit The ban was poised to resume in January While Amazon didn t explain the U turn it comes just after a tornado struck a warehouse in Edwardsville Illinois killing six people Continue reading nbsp nbsp The biggest news stories you might have missedMalaysia s updated copyright law imprisons streaming pirates for up to yearsTesla provides free off peak Supercharger use during the holidaysAnalogue Pocket review The best retro handheld in town Hades is the first video game to win a Hugo AwardNetflix drops a surprise teaser for its Witcher prequelICYMI We listen to Yamaha s latest headphones with D sound	2021-12-20 12:13:50
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海外科学	NYT > Science	‘Schizophrenia’ Still Carries a Stigma. Will Changing the Name Help?	https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/20/health/schizophrenia-name-change.html	Schizophrenia Still Carries a Stigma Will Changing the Name Help Many people with or connected to the mental illness approve of updating the name a new survey shows But some experts are not convinced it s the answer	2021-12-20 12:15:44
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ニュース	BBC News - Home	In pictures: Mountain summits 'float' above the clouds	https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-59727407?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA	hills	2021-12-20 12:35:50
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